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https://www.materialdriven.com/home/2018/5/9/the-future-of-embellishmentthe-sustainable-sequin-company

The Sustainable Sequin Company is a huge inspiration for my final project! They are currently reimagining the future of embellishments and are making a big difference in the tiniest ways possible. The company is creating sequins using recycled PET plastic and are experimenting with bioplastics as an alternative material. 

It’s very interesting to see that something as tiny as sequins have such detrimental effects on the environment – especially when they begin to accumulate. The full lifecycle of sequins is something that fashion designers often overlook, and although they add a certain level of pizzaz to a garment its disposal comes with a great cost. 

Here are some examples of the company’s work/products below: 

These sequins are either made from recycled PET plastic or bioplastic materials. For my project, in particular, I will be focusing on bioplastics as a primary textile. I’ve been experimenting with various bioplastic recipes(Agar-Agar, Chitosan, Etc,) and I have yet to find one that gives me the right elasticity, strength, and color/sheen. 

My goal is to create sequins and create a wearable showcasing how these bioplastics sequins can be used as a viable alternative to plastic sequins (wish me luck!). The article listed above has great insight into the thought processes of the designers and how they intend to use their core product. I do, however, wish that there was more information regarding the recipes and techniques that they used to create them. Otherwise, I still love the company, its product, and its approach is a great framework for my own independent project. 

BLT (11/27/19) 

Cradle to Cradle

McDonough and Braungart have an interesting take on the Industrial Revolution and just how things were designed with such specific purpose during this era. I was struck by how, “the general spirit of early industrialists and of many others at the time was one of great optimism and faith in the progress of human kind”. Much of what was being made was not necessarily the most sustainable but it had it’s purpose. They were creating equipment that was ideal, it fulfilled it’s purpose. Yet, we have to be mindful we don’t make the same mistakes and toxicity it’ brought to our world. 

Final Project

Name: Mehr Un Nisa Javed
Date: 27th November 2019
Professor: Marcela Godoy

Objectives:

1.Post your thoughts on the readings.
2.Make a step-by-step list of what you will do in the next weeks to test your hypothesis.
3.Make a list of items or machines that you will need to perform the experiments.

Reading Response:

• Cradle to Cradle – A Question of Design

I really liked this reading and it did add a lot to what I already knew about cradle to cradle. Last semester, I had taken a class called “sustainable fashion” and we learn about cradle to cradle but after reading this it did add a lot to what I already knew about this. The Wikipedia defines cradle to cradle as “Cradle-to-cradle design is a biomimetic approach to the design of products and systems that models human industry on nature’s processes viewing materials as nutrients circulating in healthy, safe metabolisms.” It is a very sustainable way to use cradle to cradle because this framework seeks to create production techniques that are not just efficient but are essentially waste free. In cradle-to-cradle production, all material inputs and outputs are seen either as technical or biological nutrients. Technical nutrients can be recycled or reused with no loss of quality and biological nutrients composted or consumed. 

Then in the reading I really liked the crude part which talks about as those products are basically both producer and consumer friendly. They are long lasting, durable and affordable which makes them meet the expectations of the market. In the reading I also really liked the part where the author talked about, how the practices done in the past are very unsustainable and and just chase the economic growth and unintentionally most of the practices done are basically very depletive. Moreover, the author talks about how the old unsustainable practices are normal and not unethical because the past designers and engineers did not do something wrong, it’s just that they were using outdated practices. 

• Accumulation: The Material Politics of Plastic

I really found the reading very fascinating and helped me to learn about the politics of plastic. Moreover, it talked about how “fishing for plastics also seems to address the pollution of the seas, which not only affects water quality but also impairs the lives of many marine organisms. Images of dead seabirds that have starved from a stomach fullof plastic, together with tales offish and turtles who‘mistake’plastic forfood, and through ingesting this debris eventually die, are regular features ofscientific and public concern (Mooreet al.2001; Barneset al.2009).[.Accumulation: The Material Politics of Plastic]. This really made me feel how the depth of plastic has increased so much. 

Then, he talked about the carbon workers and how “in these processes of accumulating plastic hydrocarbons, the carbon work of humans and more-than-humans articulates distinct material-political relations to the seas. These material intra-actions within plastic oceans are part of what enables processes of materialization to even turn up as carbon work:plastic fragments turn up by accumulating over time in oceans, bodies and seas, and then become the object of clean-up campaigns or toxicity studies [.Accumulation: The Material Politics of Plastic]

Finally, the author concluded by saying that “many researchers have suggested–to deal with the problem of plastics contaminating oceans at the source, to strive either for a policy of minimal waste through redesign or to ensure that plastics do not travel, whether through wayward manufacturing or disposal, to seas. On the other hand, though, the current permeation of oceans and environments with plastics and their chemical residues suggests additional approaches to plastic waste as it already exists are also relevant. Largequantities of plastics continue to be generated and disposed of across estab-lished and emerging economies. Many of these economies currently lackwaste-handling infrastructures and manufacturing practices that would cap-ture plastic waste before it enters the environment. Hawkins (2010) suggests that it is useful to attend to the ways in which particular materialities may become manifest through environmental practices.”[.Accumulation: The Material Politics of Plastic]

2.Make a step-by-step list of what you will do in the next weeks to test your hypothesis.

1. Make a website 
2. add content
3. Add past information 
4. Add current experimentation 
5. Add experimentation currently done by my class peers 
6. make it available to my peers (website login)
7. will do some biomaterials experimentation myself

3.Make a list of items or machines that you will need to perform the experiments.

1. my own laptop to make website
2. other colleagues experimentation results with biomaterials 

Name: Eva Solo

Date: 04/12/19 

Professor: Marcela Godoy 

We gathered as much #2 and #4 plastic as we could find around school, cutting every last bit from the bottle necks. We also cut the larger containers into smaller pieces, to help the shredder be more time efficient.

For our first trail, we first needed to shred the plastic containers we collected and got a tutorial from Marcela as she helped us with our first batch. 

As we were ready to melt our contents, we realised we’ve been toying around with the idea of using the big pans in our lab as a mould, but they truly were way too big. We were on a mission to scout the 8th floor for any possible form that could stand as our mould. As we walked around and discussing where else we could find something like this without investing our own funds, we were pointed to a lone box in the corner of our IMA lab, with a tag FREE FOR ALL. What are the odds? We find two small pans inside, one perfectly fitting in to the other. For a moments I questioned if this is actually happening, and if we really were able to just take it for our project, with the assumption that we would have to break off the handles and basically make them unreturnable. After a confirmation from a fellow, we were ecstatic to give our first trail a go. As we waited for Andy to help us take the plastic handles off the metal pans, I felt looseness in one of the handles and began picking at it will it broke off. The other one was held together with a screw, and by using a screw drive I was able to undue that one too. I’m not sure if it was the excitement from finding the pans, but I felt very handy to complete this task myself. I sanded the metal dents on the inside pan of our mould and our pans were ready for the oven!

Waxing the inside of the bigger pan and the outside of the smaller one, will allow the plastic form to slip out easily and not stick to the surface which would damage the flat shape when removing from the mould. After we took the steamy pan out from the oven after ~50 minutes, we placed the smaller pan  inside and tried to figure out the press mechanism. We realised we should have confirmed the instructions before we took out the pan, and were now in a race with time before the plastic began hardening from the cooling. To not risk loosing this trail completely, we both attempted to press our body weight onto the pans, squeezing it as low as we could. This got, I would estimate, ~20% of the job done and we were left with a thick surface, barely any curve – shape. 

From this trail, we understood that the melted plastic is a lot more thick than expected, and it will not just ‘squeeze’ upwards to create a perfectly circular curve on all of the sides. We did get slight curvature, so we tested throwing it. It did travel distance in the air before landing, and was durable when fitting the floor, but we both agreed it felt too heavy when realising from hand. Giving this trail to some friends got comments along the lines of ‘if this was for a heavy weight disk thrower, than sure, definitely not a children’s frisbee feel’.

We took all of the feedback, as well as the mistakes we could pin point ourselves, and moved forward to the next trail.

Name: Eva Solo

Date: 27/11/19 

Professor: Marcela Godoy 

Reading Response:

The readings further pushed my suspicions on the thoughts about the marketing process to the consumer. Companies see as nothing but opportunity to extract money, and as it seems only care about our health when a regulation is in place. In Accumulation: The Material Politics of Plastic: Plastic and the work of the biodegradable, the quotation “It seems that the closer a plastic object comes to our body, the more acutely we evaluate it” (108) directly reminded of the Bag It documentary when the man investigated the toxins that enter your body just by using commonly produced self-care/hygiene products that we not sustainable. In this case I reference sustainability in terms of utilising naturally produced materials. It is true that the closer in proximity we are to something, the more we care about how it affects us, but this goes back to the individualistic perspective on waiting for a disaster to HAVE to change your lifestyle, instead of CHOOSING focusing on prevention for the larger community at hand. What we don’t see is an immediate cause-effect consequence when we pollute our world. The basic satisfaction of clicking a button, feeling the physical touch, hearing the click, and seeing what it activates – is my basic understanding of interactivity and human relation to it. When we pollute the world, the process is a lot more gradual. Even considering how the air pollution from the West/East is currently affecting the ozone levels in Africa is an example that needs to be broadcasted on a much more global levels so we can make decisions based on global effect. In the reading Cradle to Cradle – A Question of Design, I further formulated my thoughts on minimalism and why it resonates with me. I have very recently adopted some of these perspectives, and although I am not a radical activist for this cause, I see a lot of benefits that it brings me on an every day basis. The text highlighted that the designers might take some of our considerations into their design production, but overall they are creating products (almost only) to be thrown away very quickly after purchasing. This perspective fuels the fast market and continues to deceive us into the material realm. My observations from adapting a minimalistic approach resulted in my purchases being made very mindfully and with a lot of consideration for necessity. Besides saving money, I noticed how much joy I can receive from activities not involving material gain. This has been a delightful realisation as I noticed a shift in my quality of life and life priorities I invest my energy in. When I used to be small, I remember thinking that as long as I earn my funds, I will be satisfied with my life. This is almost difficult to admit now, as I have changed my view on the world and my purpose in it so drastically. All of these changing also made me feel a lot more in control of my own path. I stand by my decisions or purchases confidently because I know I invested thought in my actions.

CNC Maschine Tutorial:

This week we also familiarised ourselves with the CNC Machine. Andy took as through a tutorial on how we can use digital fabrication to achieve different elements for our projects. I was considering how 2 dimensional surfaces can be meshed together for a 3D  shape, similarly to the legs of the stool. Further Considering my on going development of the kite, I was thinking how I can place surface together for durability so the workshop was very useful for my ideations. 

Assignment

• Post your thoughts on the readings.
• Make a step-by-step list of what you will do in the next weeks to test your hypothesis.
• Make a list of items or machines that you will need to perform the experiments.

Cradle to Cradle: A Question of Design 

-The Western view saw nature as a dangerous, brutish force to be civilized and subdued. 

-the ocean, the air, the mountains, and the plants and animals are more vulnerable than they have been. 

-the industry today is more linear, it is focused on making a product and getting it to the customers as fast and as cheap as they can

-however, it did bring higher standard of living. 

-fundamental flaws, ignorance on carbon footprint 

-“you may be referred to as a consumer— some food, some liquids. Everything else is designed for you to throw away when you are finished with it. but where is away? away has gone away 

-human industry’s peculiar relationship in the natural world is terrible 

After reading this article, I was very intrigued by this article and I learned a lot and gained new perspective on trash and sustainability. One of the most interesting thing that I read was on consumerism. The quote, “you may be referred to as a consumer— some food, some liquids. Everything else is designed for you to throw away when you are finished with it”, really made me re-think of the term consumerism. If we only use a little bit of the materials and we throw away most of it, should we still be called consumers? Are we only half consumers then? It really made me re-think of the term and grasped my attention to the things that I buy and throw away. 

Accumulation: The Material Politics of Plastic; Plastic and the work of the biodegradable

-the amassing of plastics in seas and oceans has given rise to new ways of working through plastics, such as the recent European Union (EU) Maritime Affairs and Fisheries initiative to pay fishermen in the Mediterranean to catch plastic rather than fish (Damanaki 2011).

-Fishing for plastics also seems to address the pollution of the seas, which not only affects water quality but also impairs the lives of many marine organisms.

-Yet plastics are accumulating in many different ways, as they break down, enter food chains as plasticizers and generate alterations in the eating patterns of diverse organisms

-Plastics are composites of carbon, both in their physical form as petrochemical hydrocarbons and in the carbon energy used to manufacture them. Eight per cent of world oil production contributes to the substance and energy required to manufacture plastics

-Biodegradability has at times been a sought-after quality for plastics, as it signals the seamless elimination of this highly disposable material. Most plastics do not actually biodegrade, but instead degrade into smaller particles through chemical processes and physical weathering. 

Step-by-step list

1. Add precious plastics Wechat
2. began talking to them about building the extrusion machine and others
3. start experiencing melting plastics and doing some research about the process of an extrusion machine
4. try to replicate the final result of extrusion machine by exploring other types of presses that could be found in a house hold. 
5. explore other type of bioplastics 

Thoughts on Reading 1: Cradle to Cradle – A Question of Design

• “The Industrial Revolution was not planned, but it was not without a motive. At bottom it was an economic revolution, driven by the desire for the acquisition of capital. Industrialists wanted to make products as efficiently as possible and to get the greatest volume of goods to the largest number of people.” (21)
  • Interesting because this is what also causes a lot of environmental problems in the present day. You can look at things like wai mai – efficiency and convenience in getting our food
• “Viewed from a design perspective, the Model T epitomized the general goal of the first industrialists: to make a product that was desirable, affordable, and operable by anyone, just about anywhere; that lasted a certain amount of time (until it was time to buy a new one); and that could be produced cheaply and quickly.” (24)
  • When designing products that are sustainable, in order to be widely adopted, they also need to take into consideration these factors
• “To achieve their universal design solutions, manufacturers design for a worst-case scenario; they design a product for the worst possible circumstance, so that it will always operate with the same efficacy. This aim guarantees the largest possible market for a product. It also reveals human industry’s peculiar relationship to the natural world, since designing for the worst case at all times reflects the assumption that nature is the enemy.” (30)
  • This is a really interesting point I hadn’t considered before. Is the author suggesting that we have products designed for each specific circumstance? If there were local producers that only sold local detergent, would that be a key selling point to local consumers? Especially with the “buy local” trend nowadays, at least in the US
  • Assuming that nature is the enemy is necessary for the most basic needs (shelter from weather, warmth in the winter, etc). The detergent example is a really interesting one because it demonstrates this assumption and how it goes so far as to actually harm nature instead of just “defending” ourselves from it.

Thoughts on Reading 2: Accumulation: The Material Politics of Plastic, p. 208-225

• “Even when plastics do biodegrade, they often do not completely disappear but instead fragment into smaller invisible pieces.” (210-211)
  • I’m a bit confused – I was under the impression that biodegradable meant being able to completely break down and completely disappear. Fragmenting into smaller invisible pieces doesn’t seem to fit this definition, so why is plastic considered biodegradable?
• “At the same time, plastics have been shown to be an adsorption medium for potentially harmful chemicals, carrying and dispersing additives and plasticizers such as flame retardants, Bisphenol-A (BPA) and phthalates, as well as drawing in and concentrating chemicals from seawater.” (212)
  • I didn’t know it was the plastic that absorbed the harmful chemicals, I had just assumed that the harmful chemicals were leftover product inside a plastic container or something, and that was how they get released in waterways. In that case, is there a way to truly cleanse plastic from harmful chemicals?
  • Later I read: “Biodegradation presents an ideal vision of matter, lapsing back to ‘nature’ without leaving a visible residue.” (216)
    • So it’s about the visibility of the degradation and not its actual degradation. I find it a bit odd and misleading that the term biodegradation has such a positive connotation, but is a term that plastic can still be labeled as.
• “Plastic-loving bacteria turn up, inhabiting and apparently decomposing plastic: are they new, or have they been there all along, and could they clean the oceans of excess debris?” (214)
  • This reminds me of those quotes that are like “nature has its own way” or something along those lines. I’m not saying we should rely solely on these quotes that may or may not be true, but if these plastic-loving bacteria are indeed true, maybe there is something else out there that has yet to be discovered to help us clean up the mess we made.

Final Project Planning

Disposable components of a wai mai order (besides the food):

• Bag to carry everything, usually paper or plastic
• Cutlery + napkin, usually inside another plastic packaging component
• Container, usually plastic or paper, that holds the actual food
• Sometimes additional packaging to prevent spillage…like an extra plastic bag wrapped around a container of soup
• Sometimes additional packaging to preserve the heat

Steps

1. Experiment with the actual food container first, this is probably the most important component
   1. Collect a food container to use as a model/possibly a mold
   2. Test different bioplastics methods, fixed to mold, to see which material is the most flexible
      1. Hypothesis: the milk/vinegar method will make a stable and stiff enough box, and the agar agar/glycerol material could make a good cover, kind of functioning like saran wrap..but would have to find a way to seal it nicely
2. Bag that carries everything
   1. Agar agar/glycerol material might also work here. Test a sheet of this material…
   2. Then find a way to cut it into a bag.
      1. Reference: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2548739
3. Time-permitting: cutlery. Also thinking milk/vinegar method for this one.

Materials needed

1. Stove/other cooking equipment like pots, measuring cups, etc.
2. Molds – can use collected wai mai packaging
3. Milk

My thoughts on the Cradle to Cradle reading are pretty much in agreement with the author. The problem with our current economic model and general societal behavior is that quality and success are only measured by numerical, profit-based standards. There needs to be an overall mindset change and rerouting of economy. Simplification and convenience are merely myths upheld by the current destructive belief that resources are infinitely reusable. We need to look at how nature sustains itself and carry that over to our own businesses, industries, and daily life. As for the reading Plastic and the work of the biodegradable, the idea is less clear to me. The author writes about the system in which plastic actually degrades, and the “employment” of various organisms in order to bio-degrade plastic. While her writing is not as concise, my understanding is that when plastic enters our oceans, it is not only an issue from an ecological standpoint but also a political one.

I am refining my final project concept and focusing on experimentation solely using plastic bags and handcraft techniques.

My hypothesis pertains to the “scrap” material created from plastic bags. If scrap plastic is collected and ironed together, there will be virtually no waste from creating plastic bag string. Additionally, I would like to develop a guide on how to cut and fold different kinds of plastic bags to create plastic string with minimal waste.

1. Collect as many plastic bags as possible – record the shape, type of plastic, and other physical qualities
2. Experiment making plastic thread/yarn/string with as many different kinds of plastic bags – document (this is crucial for making the guide)
3. Make a yarn winder out of cardboard (https://youtu.be/9ybkkoEggNg)
4. Create several handcrafts using crocheting and knotting techniques.
5. Create online guide complete with pictures, descriptions, illustrated guides, and instructions

The materials I will need:

• plastic bags
• scissors
• an iron
• crochet hooks

The final products I hope to end up with are several plastic string crafts: a bag, a rug, chinese knots, a few skeins of plastic string, a yarn winder, as well as a comprehensive .pdf guidebook to teach others how to make plastic string for crafting from different kinds of plastic bags.

• Cradle to Cradle – A Question of Design
   
  • After reading the article, I learned that the industrial revolution had a TON of drawbacks. Although it allowed cities to grow, the paradigm shift from traditional methods of design, trade, and economic development had a tremendous negative impact on the environment. During the industrial revolution, the mindset of people took a sharp turn. After the creation of mechanized systems that revolutionized transportation, garment manufacturing, and etc. the “optimism and faith in the development of humankind” continued to grow. As mechanization continued to both bridge and increase the gap between the middle class and poor citizens, its adverse effects on the environment continued to equally increase. The negative effects of the industrial revolution is actually an inspiration for me. It’s a lesson on design principles and on the moral values that people need to have when creating “innovative” solutions to better the lives of others.  The things we create to ‘enhance’ our growing society should not be detrimental to the environment or for future generations. I want my kids to see the world as it was, polar bears included (period). 
     
• Accumulation: The Material Politics of Plastic Plastic and the work of the biodegradable (Pages 208 – 225)

• • The problem faced in the article is the process of accumulation. Plastic pollution was used as a framework to describe the severity of the issue regarding microplastics in our ocean. These small scale fragments create problems as they continue to amass in the environment. As plastics are exposed to light, they photodegrade and turn into smaller pieces of waste that accumulate over time. A prime example is the Pacific Garbage Patch – contrary to popular belief that is an island of floating garbage, the PGP is actually a ’storm’ of microplastics that are swirling around the ocean. These microplastics often interfere with the habitats of varying marine life and disrupt their dietary patterns. A similar anecdote is mentioned in the article that parallel to the Industrial Revolution discussed in the first reading. The accumulated microplastic pollution is a result of human invention and intervention. A lack of proper disposal or the creation of products that do not take into account its full lifecycle has detrimental effects on the environment. It is important to keep in mind how the design and creation of human inventions can degrade over time and its overall effects in the natural order. Change and action need to happen NOW, and it can only occur with a careful and innovative mindset. Ex: Nike and Adidas have begun to take microplastics and use them throughout their supply chain, repurposing excess waste as materials and textiles in their core products. 

1. Make a step-by-step list of what you will do in the next weeks to test your hypothesis.

   1. BioPlastic 
      1. Research companies that are creating bioplastics (Ex: Bolt Threads, Modern Meadows, etc.)
      2. Find a way to mimic some of these techniques without the R&D and high tech equipment that these companies are using (lol) 
      3. After finding more feasible methods of creation, experiment with bioplastic recipes
      4. Phase 1 – Find recipes to try and molds to make 
      5. Phase 2 – See what recipes yield the best result
      6. Phase 3 – “Mass Produce” the recipes to create a textile of sorts via molds that I create/source
      7. Create design solutions using the bioplastic material (wearable)
      8. User testing/Presentation
      9. Document the process so that other people can do it 
      10. Make it shareable within a community so that it raises awareness! 
           

2. Make a list of items or machines that you will need to perform the experiments.

   1. Bioplastic Ingredients (Chitosan, Agar-Agar, etc.) 
   2. Organic Material (plant or food-based)
   3. Conduction Burner
   4. Beakers, Measuring Tools, Containers 
   5. Blender 
   6. Thermometer 
   7. Molds (Created via 3D modeling OR sourced)
   8. Dryers (Oven, Heat gun)
   9. Sewing Machine (if needed)
   10. Glue/Connector of sorts (Hot glue, tape, etc.) 

Name: Eva Solo

Date: 27/11/19 

Professor: Marcela Godoy 

• Kites:

As I wanted to create something with an aesthetically developed appearance, I considered kites as an option for my project. They are very popular amongst children, from what I have observed in Shanghai, so I thought creating a tutorial on how to create a fully recyclable kite would be a way of introducing sustainability awareness geared towards this demographic. 

As I began breaking down the different parts of the kite infrastructure, and how I could create these elements using waste, I had a conversation with my Professor.  She rose a very important point that I had not considered yet. I was so exited to jump start to the hands-on portion of production, I had not thought how much more waste a lost kite could create, and would go to the complete opposite side of impact from my intentions. Marcela mentioned Patagonia’s project ‘Logo Disk’, which is a frisbee created from 15% recycled plastics and the seed was planted in my head.

• Frisbee:

Following that conversation, I broke down the main elements that my project would represent: 1) Consciousness towards Up-Scaling 2) Recyclable materials 3) Children as the targeted demographic — DYI / Creativity 3) Modifying an already existing idea (Logo Disk) towards reaching the next step of sustainability: 100% recycled plastic frisbee + as a bonus I am able to explore artistic expression [as I think melting plastic creates a perfectly unpredictable pattern].

As I was bouncing some ideas aloud, Sophia was interested in developing this idea forward, as she already was focusing on creating awareness for children. I usually tend to prefer working alone, but from our initial conversation we shared a lot of the same perspectives, and she was genuinely as interested in creating this idea, rather than ‘an assignment’. as I was, so we decided to proceed.

• Proposal:

For our final Remade In China project, Sofia and I will be creating a one-hundred percent recyclable frisbee, from plastic waste. After reflecting on the Precious Plastic lead lecture, where we created a stool, as well as some consultations from Marcela and Andy, we created an outline of steps, keeping in mind our hypothesis: “A frisbee, created from shredded and melted plastics #2 and #4, will be aerodynamic, meaning will be able to fly.” To go along with our ‘final product’, we also want to make it scalable, meaning we will be creating a DYI (*do it yourself) guide that families can potentially follow at home. 

Steps:

1. Collect Plastics #2 and #4. Gather our own waste, which includes bottle caps, coffee cup lids, packaging from shampoo/conditioner/detergent containers, as well as the same type of waste around campus.
2. Shred the plastics, we collected, in our plastic shredder.
3. Find a mould. Potentially considering using two pans, although the ones we have in the lab are too big in diameter, so currently scouting for an alternative. 
4. Prepare for melting: wax mould, pre-heat the oven, place plastic shreds into the pan, place pan into the oven.
5. After ~60minutes, press down with another pan using the press and wood cubes.
6. Allow time for cooling.
7. Shape the melted material: cut corners, sand surface, scope the inside to control the thickness density – as balanced weight  throughout the area is the number one element that will determine the aerodynamic qualities. I was reading this article from a study at MIT which discussed the physics of frisbee, and although some of the calculations seemed more complex than what I was looking for, circular balance – was what I took away. 
8. Test it’s flying ability.
9. Evaluate the possibility of recreation, self-evaluate our biases (eg. we have gained a lot of new discoveries over this course, and if we want to produce a guide to make this frisbee, with the addition of awareness information, we cannot look over the fact that others might not know the information that comes to us as foundational basics now).
10. Repeat, to asses validity of hypothesis.