All posts by as8346@nyu.edu

Adam’s Extra Credit Posts

Infrastructure of Labor:

Going into the Infrastructure of Labor panel, I thought the material presented would be more relevant to media studies and possibly would explore media infrastructures such as how data is transferred from point to point. Sadly, the panelists didn’t address media infrastructures at all and presented their own studies that were focused on certain types of infrastructure and the humans, or laborers if you would, that these certain infrastructures impact.

First off, the way in which the panelists presented their research and findings was incredibly bland. Most of the information was read off by the panelists in a manner that was hard to follow and did not seize the attention of the audience. I think this could be attributed to the fact that most of the panelists did not utilize their presentation slides effectively. For example, as Rosalind Fredericks rattled off her research on the waste-disposal infrastructure in Senegal, her slides did not highlight the key points or main takeaways from the information she was presenting; the majority of her slides contained photos, specifically that of the union garbage disposal workers of Dakar. Kafui Attoh, Assistant Professor of Urban Studies at The Murphy Institute of CUNY, introduced his topic of research with the following video.

Not only was the video successful at captivating my attention because of the performance that the bus driver puts on for the court in the video, it also was very informative about the current challenges and poor treatment transportation workers face today. Right away, I knew exactly what Attoh was about to present to the audience because he provided context for his research. Although his research wasn’t necessarily media-related, I found it very provoking, as I had not realized, up until the point of his presentation, how unfairly transportation workers are treated today. For example, the fact that bus drivers are deterred to take rest room breaks due to the impact taking a short break could have on their bus schedule is completely ridiculous. I firmly believe that it is a natural right for a human to be able to go to the bathroom when he or she pleases, but moreover, not going to the bathroom causes discomfort so more likely than not said worker is not going to be able to complete their job to the best of their ability if they are not feeling bad.

Another presentation that I found interesting and most relevant to our course was Catherine Fennel. Fennel described the present drawbacks with how houses, specifically houses in the city of Detroit, are demolished. One interesting fact that Fennel put forward is that almost half of all landfills are composed of housing construction material. The most terrifying aspect of the aforementioned fact is that a majority of housing material contains lead paint. Therefore, these landfills are extremely toxic and furthermore, the demolition of lead painted uninhabited houses in Detroit causes the uplift of mass amounts of toxic lead dust into the air. This phenomena connects back to the article “The Geology of Media,” which states, “the heavy concentration of toxins that will last much longer than the businesses and remind of the geological afterglow of the digital hype, the residue of the tech companies use of chemicals in the manufacturing of our devices.” (Parikka, “The Geology of Media). Just like the businesses that Parikka references in her article, the “the heavy concentration of toxins” and the effects of these toxins will last for much longer than the Detroit houses that were manufactured with the use of these toxins. For instance, Fennel asserted that recently a correlation has been found between lead poisoning and the poor educational performance of children who live in poor areas. This correlation exemplifies the possible long-term effects of unregulated infrastructure.

All in all, the panel was not phenomenal but it still provided me with a better understanding of state of different types of infrastructures across the world and how humans are impacted by said infrastructures; a topic which I was not well versed in before.

Sirgutz:

 Despite many efforts to sit down and interview Brian Sirgutz, I was unable to meet with the current Senior Vice President of Social Impact and Social Innovation at the Huffington Post, which is definitely a bummer considering his past work as an artist manager early on in his college years. The fact that Sirgutz worked with Grammy-Award winning American industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails when he was around my age is of acute interest to me because earlier this semester I started a multi-faceted talent management agency that represents various musical acts. Therefore, I felt that I could learn a lot about the music industry from him and that he could possibly provide guidance of some sort for me.  Everything happens for a reason though, and needless to say, I took a lot of way from Sirgutz’s Dean Table at Gallatin. 

One of the main takeaways from the discussion we had with Sirgutz was that you should be open to career-driving opportunities even if they don’t necessarily pertain to your ideal career path. Take for example Sirgutz’s own career path, after making a name of sorts for him in the music industry, Sirgutz found himself washed up and back in square one from the place were it all began, New York City. Once back in New York City, Sirgutz came to the conclusion that he wished to get readmitted into New York University to finish up his collegiate education he had started years prior. After months of pestering the board of admissions, Sirgutz was able to get readmitted, but despite accomplishing this feat Sirgutz set his sights on the Gallatin School of Individualized Study. He expressed upon the audience of students at the Dean’s Table how his education at Gallatin shaped the manner in which he thinks and analyzes problems and, furthermore, opened his ideas to career opportunities outside of the music industry. 

From 2004 till 2007, Sirgutz combined his love for music and his drive for social change by working for the late R&B singer Aaliyah’s estate. Sirgutz specifically designed Aaliyah’s website, with the goal of reinvigorating the late singer’s fan base to support fund-raising efforts conducted by the Aaliyah Memorial Fund. I found this very relatable because for the final project of this course I was tasked with designing a prototype web interface for Panache—a multimodal online dictionary database. Similar to Sirgutz’s website, Panache is a non-for profit company that wants to elicit global literacy change through the utilization of our website and the various term definition illustrations it offers. With that in mind, I wanted to make sure that our website was intuitive and had a user-friendly interface which would ultimately allow new and old users to navigate the illustrations effortlessly. Another similarity between Panache’s website and Sirgutz’s approach to his social impact column, is that there are no ads featured on the Panache site and its revenue is generated through grants and small donations. Considering how successful Sirgutz’s social impact column is, I felt that incorporating a similar model into the website was necessary in order to drive the authentic and genuine content featured on our website.

Going to the Dean’s Table event was overall a really informative event that gave me a lot of insight into where my intended career path could branch off into and that I should be open to new and different career opportunities because you never know where that career choice could take you and the success it could possibly generate for you down the line.

Panache Annotated Bibliography

Moats, Louisa C. “Teaching Decoding.” American Educator 22 (1 & 2), 42-49, 95-96. Print.

“Teaching Decoding” by Louisa C. Moats— a researcher, graduate school faculty member, psychologist, and most importantly, a teacher—is an article that addresses the processes by which young children learn how to interpret and understand words in the broader context of reading. In her article, Moats advises the implementation and correction of new and current teaching methods that she advocates will effectively help children learn to read. For instance, Moats points out that most phonic programs, specifically traditional ones, tend to teach children the alphabet by first introducing the letter and then attaching the correct sound with said letter, but this is glaringly wrong seeing as alphabetic writing was made to represent speech, not the other way around. The article points to numerous other teaching methods such as teaching pattern recognition, being systematic and explicit when teaching the alphabet, and encouraging constructive exploration. The overall point of this article is to challenge the way in which the American education system goes about teaching children how to read by addressing the major flaws that exist within the system.

I find this source to be very reliable seeing as it is an article that was published by the American Educator/American Federation of Teachers. The American Federation of teachers is a union of skilled educators that promotes a high standard of public education, economic opportunity, and public services for students across the United States. Dr. Louisa Moats, the author of the article, is a licensed psychologist, former consultant advisor for Literary Research and Professional Development, and President of her own consulting company. At the time that she wrote this article, she was a Professional Development Director at the Greenwood Institute, an intensive summer program that trains teachers in language, reading, and spelling instruction.

I personally find that due to the credentials of Moats, this article is very informative and reliable. Although, Moats is biased seeing as she is a big advocate for change in the public education system, especially in how the current education system approaches teaching children with dyslexia, . The audience for this article in particular consists of educators across America as well as administrators who implement regulations as they pertain to the education system.

The strength of this article lies in the amount of research and evidence the author presents in her argument for a more effective approach to teaching children how to read. Unfortunately, seeing as this article’s intended audience is that of an educator, I as a student can only relate only so much to the material. I am not an educator myself and don’t have a comprehensive understanding of phonographic programs. In spit of some of the material being very specific to that of educators, Moats does a great job of breaking down her revisions to the current approach.

In the case of this article, the information it presents both counters are argument that Cartoonclopedia is a very efficient tool at helping children learn and comprehend words as well as supports the idea that the more senses that a child utilizes when interacting with something such as a illustration of a word the more likely the child will be to understand it. Overall, there is a lot to take away from this article in how Cartoonclopedia can be implemented in a way that aligns with the strategies and programs that Moats advocates for. Therefore, I would consider this article to be very relevant to our proposal for Panache and our overall research on determining how effective Panache would be if implemented.

NCLD Editors. “What Is FAPE? | Free Appropriate Public Education.”National Center for Learning Disabilities. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2014. <http://www.ncld.org/checklist/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=187&Itemid=293>.

In the course of researching the United States’s education system I found an article published by the National Center For Learning Disabilities which elaborated on the right that every U.S. taxpayer has, FAPE. As the article states, FAPE stands for Free Appropriate Public Education, a regulation that came into effect with the signing in of the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA). Essentially, FAPE requires that the department of education provide taxpayer’s and their children the right to a free specialized education in the case that they have a learning disability. One of the problems with the act though, as the article points out, is that there is a lot of confusion surrounding the act and what it in fact entails. The article clarifies what FAPE does and does not provide for individuals. The main point that NCLD wants the reader, in the case of this article the intended demographic being parents, to take away is that the IDEA is not a entitlement program that provides students who suffer from learning disabilities with a better education than someone who does not have a disability. Therefore, students with disabilities should have equal access to a adequate education as one would get if they did not have a disability.

The National Center For Learning Disabilities is a product of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act 1973 which gave Americans with disabilities, specifically disabilities that effect one’s ability to learn, rights that insured fair educational treatment towards them. The organization was founded by Pete and Carrie Rozelle with the mission of insuring that each individual in America is able to acquire necessary educational skills. The authors of this article consist of the NCLD editorial staff, which is comprised of  professionals that are required to have a comprehensive understanding of the IDEA. Therefore, I find this article to be very reliable and is one of the most trustworthy sources one can tap into in order to acquire disability-related information.

The article is not biased because its information is derived from information that can be found in the IDEA. Therefore, it is a objective source. The strength of this article lies in that it effectively conveys important information that pertains to the IDEA and the larger United States education system as a whole. It clearly points out what rights FAPE does and does not award children with disabilities. One major weakness is that the article is mostly limited to information pertaining to FAPE in particular and not the rest of the IDEA or the way it has been enacted in the public education system .

The information provided by the article gave me a stronger understanding of the United States education system and how it addresses children with learning disabilities. Unfortunately the article didn’t really touch on how hard it is for Americans to fight for the right to have a FAPE for their child. The article neither supports or contradicts are proposal for the implementation of Cartoonclopedia in schools, but it does provide us insight into how it could be implemented in specialized programs that public schools are required to have due to the signing in of the IDEA. Therefore, the article has only a limited degree of relevance to the proposal of Cartoonclopedia.

Pelto, Jonathan and Lecker, Wendy. “Connnecticut Public Schools Woefully Underfunded by State.” Hartford Courant. N.p., 23 Nov. 2012. Web. 05 Dec. 2014. <http://articles.courant.com/2012-11-23/news/hc-op-pelto-lecker-connecticut-schools-underfunded-20121123_1_adequate-education-schools-amount-school-finance-reform>.

The article “Schools Woefully Underfunded, Formula Broken”—published by the Hartford Courant— was written by both Wendy Lecker, a columnist at the Stanford Advocate and parent of three children who attend Stamford schools, and Jonathon Pelto who is a former member of the Connecticut House of Representatives. Elected in 1984, Pelto was able to rise through the governmental ranks over his five terms in the House eventually assuming the role of Deputy Majority Leader. Pelto also was on the Appropriations and Education Committee. Now, Pelto works as a communications strategist. Therefore, I would say that both these people are qualified to address the issues facing public schools in Connecticut. The two argue that the state of Connecticut has an overall poor quality of education because of how grossly underfunded the public school system is. In specific, they point to a report issued by the Connecticut Conference of Municipalities which determined that there is a need of major reform as the report states that the current public education system in place is underfunded by upwards of $763 million. Also, the pair draws on the consistent assessment made by courts in other states across the United States that there is a correlation between the underfunding of public schools and a poorer quality of education.

The target audience of the piece is taxpaying citizens of the state of Connecticut, specifically that of Stamford. The piece also targets Mayor Malloy of Stamford who the article points at as supporting resolutions that do not adequately address the underfunding of public schools. The article, for the most part, is objective because the authors corroborate all of their combined claims with evidence provided by state courts and other objectively-based sources. With that said, I still think it could be construed as being biased slightly seeing as Wendy Lecker, one of the co-authors, is a parent to three children who attend Connecticut public schools. Therefore, she could be a hardline advocate for the need of additional funding towards public schools because she wants her children to get the best education they possibly can. The one major weakness I would point to in the article is that it only addresses the Mayor of Stamford very briefly at the end of the article. I think they could of elaborated more on the Mayor’s failure to take into account the recent report by the CCM, also I think they could have proposed ways in which Mayor Malloy could help provide or direct additional funding towards public schools. Despite these weaknesses, I think that overall the article is well supported by research-based reports and effectively conveys its argument. The information brought forward in this article helps support Panache’s argument for the extreme need of the free educational tool in public schools seeing as public schools are looking for any help they can get to provide an adequate education for their students as the article indicates. Panache will help compensate for the lack of resources available to public schools, which are due to a lack of funding, because Panache is a free education resource. All in all, I would say that this article is very pertinent to our overall argument, specifically that of our target audience, which is public school students, particularly LD-students which the article addresses as being a group that suffers the most from the underfunding of public institutions.

virtUoso: Bringing the Festival Experience to U!

Virtuoso logo

In recent years, the act of live-streaming festivals has become increasingly popular at large festivals such as Bonnaroo and Coachella. For the most part, large festivals delegate a sizeable budget to hiring out a live-streaming production company like Bulldog Digital Media for promotional purposes (Knopper, “Why Live Concert Streaming Has Yet To Take Off”). Ultimately what a company like Bulldog Digital Media does is bring their live video-streaming production expertise to a festival by advising them on how to go about streaming the festival in the most promotionally effective manner possible. For example, Bulldog Digital Media advertises on their website that the webcast of Bonnaroo 2013, which they were hired out for, attracted over 11 million viewers who watched the festival via the interactive live broadcasting service USTREAM. Unfortunately, most stream events don’t generate revenue from the streams themselves as indicated by Alex Pham, a senior correspondent at Billboard (Hjelmgaard, “Live and not near you: The streamed concert). Also, due to how new the phenomenon of live video-streaming is, there currently is not an established business model in place with a clear source of revenue to draw upon according to Mark Mulligan, a consultant and adviser to the music industry (Hjelmgaard, “Live and not near you: The streamed concert). Essentially, although a ton of people around the world are tuning in from the comfort of their homes, there really is no payout, and despite viewing the concert, it’s really not the same as actually being there at the concert itself. Herein lies the need for a technological device like virtUoso.

 

VirtUoso is a multi-modal virtual-reality headset, auditory device, and live video-streaming system that effectively renders the experience of being at a live concert all while being in the confines of your home. Building upon the camera systems that are utilized by music festivals for live-streaming purposes, virtUoso is capable of rendering the live environment of a music festival via its headset. This feat is accomplished through virtUoso’s live-streaming production system that boasts the means of supplying festival promoters with virtual reality image capturing cameras, which are able to render a virtual image perception, which can best be compared to the visuals one perceives naturally from standing in the crowd at a festival. That data is sent wirelessly to virtUoso’s server which disseminates the data to all virtUoso users’ head-sets. Now you’re probably thinking, what if I don’t like standing in a certain spot for the entirety of a festival? VirtUoso’s system caters to individuals that desire experiencing a wide array of vantage points by reappropriating the current camera system used to live video streaming festivals today. For example, as opposed to having a video editor compose various video sequences recorded by moving cameras positioned throughout the venue, which is best exemplified by the live video stream, virtUoso offers you the capability to switch between different virtual reality vantage points that are rendered by cameras planted throughout the festival. With virtUoso you can toggle from being in several places throughout the crowd which ranges from the front row to all the way to the back of the crowd (if you are into that scene), to having a bird’s-eye view via a camera-equipped drone, and to even experiencing the concert through the perspective of the performer. VirtUoso does all this on top of mimicking the auditory acoustics of said music festival, which varies with the position you choose within the crowd. If you enjoy the view from the front row but prefer the sound level you get from being in the back row, with virtUoso you can mix and match your auditory and visual landscape position to your heart’s desire. With virtUoso you get your own perfect personal concert experience all from the confines of your household.

To give you an idea what it is like to see things through virtUoso, watch the following pre-performance trailer, which through the usage of virtUoso, whisks you away from your home and into the Upper West Side loft where Ransom himself resides. Video.

In his book, What Technology Wants, Kevin Kelly states the following: “We know that genetically our bodies are changing faster now than at any time in the past million years. Our minds are being rewired by culture” (Kraus, 235). Kraus’s opinion that we as humans “are being rewired by culture” lends itself to Katherine Hayles’ concept of technogenesis—the idea that humans and technology effectively evolve and develop together. Currently, we live in a society that demands that the technology we utilize to interact with digital media be what Hayles terms as “multimodal,” meaning that the technology provides the user with the capability to interact with new media in a multitude of different ways. She provides evidence that corroborates the claim that a multimodal-obsessed culture exists today by drawing on the “Generation M” report conducted by the Kaiser Family Foundation whose findings she paraphrases in the following statement: “[The report] indicate[s] that young people (ages eight to eighteen in their survey) spend, on average, an astonishing six hours per day consuming some form of media and often multiple forms at once…Going along with the shift is a general increase in information intensity, with more and more information available with less and less effort” (99). VirtUoso caters to just this young media-obsessed demographic, specifically that of 13-18 year olds, the age range at which most kids become interested in attending a music festival, with its multi-faceted, versatile heads-up display (HUD), which allows for kids to view all the settings that virtUoso offers including one’s preferred angle of view, acoustic environment, and vantage point—all without infringing on the visual and auditory virtual festival experience virtUoso renders for the user. Based off the findings of the “Generation M” report, the virtUoso HUD takes into consideration the current generational shift of accessing a wide array of information with little to no effort by making so that users can trigger commands and change settings displayed via virtUoso’s HUD all through the use of one’s voice. No need to exhaust oneself with the use of a mouse or controller to bring up and navigate the virtual map of various vantage points that the virtUoso headset can display for a user when you can just articulate with the use of your voice the action that you wish virtUoso to enact. There is a general consensus amongst educators in the UK that the attention spans of children are becoming increasingly shorter as they opt for screen-based activities over conventional reading (Brech, “Shorter attention span: The impact of technology on our brains”). Therefore, as the attention span of children shortens ,they are less likely to interact with a media device that doesn’t provide a high degree of stimulation of multiple senses for a long period of time. Many children consider an hour as a long period of time so with that in mind most children would consider five hours, the usual length of a day at a music festival, as an eternity. That is why the virtual reality festival environment that virtUoso renders perfectly for its users brings the intense visual and auditory stimulation that music festivals have become known for to virtUoso users, effectively captivating their attention for an extended period of time.

Here is a video that showcases one of the various vantage points virtUoso users can toggle within the virtUoso HUD.

 

The distribution model that virtUoso builds upon is that of its video game counterpart, the Oculus Rift. We are in the process of creating development kits for festival promoters to test out for themselves in the hope that they will elect to reallocate their live video-streaming production budget to that of the virtual reality services virtUoso provides for its users. This reallocation of said festival’s budget is promoted further by virtUoso’s business model which charges its user the 30% off the value of a festival pass to access the festival via virtUoso on top of the one time charge of $200 dollars for the purchase of the combined audio/visual virtUoso headset. The company that is virtUoso takes a 20% cut of all virtUoso access pass profits with the other 80% going toward the festival promoter. This business model is way more financially beneficial to that of live video-streaming in that the festival promoter is able to generate a revenue stream similar to that generated by ticket sales through the use of virtUoso’s services, wherein the ad generated revenue stream that promoters make off live video-streaming is next to nothing.

Ultimately with virtUoso, festivals are going to bring in more festival-goers than ever before in the form of virtual reality viewers. Teenagers who don’t have the money or time to fly out to Tennessee for Bonnaroo or California for Coachella can now effectively, with very little effort, transport themselves virtually to the festival all while remaining in the confines of their own homes. Children are evolving with the current technological trends, and it’s time for the technology to adapt to them. VirtUoso is that technological adaptation to the current generation’s needs and desires.

Works Cited:

Hayles, Katherine. How We Think: Digital Media and Contemporary Technogenesis. Chicago: U of Chicago, 2012. Print.

Hjelmgaard, Kim. “Live and Not near You: The Streamed Concert.” USA TODAY. N.p., 13 Sept. 2013. Web. 8 Nov. 2014.

Kelly, Kevin. What Technology Wants. New York: Viking, 2010. Print.

Knopper, Steve. “Why Live Concert Streaming Has Yet To Take Off.”Billboard. N.p., 21 Feb. 2014. Web. 10 Nov. 2014.

‘Track Changes’ Questions

In Track Changes you reference how George R.R. Martin prefers the word-processor WordStar to more current and advanced word-processors due to WordStar’s bare interface that leaves little to no room from one to get distracted from writing. Do you think this same type of mode of thinking can be applied to other programs and software in that older versions of current software can in some senses be more efficient when it comes to the task the user wants to accomplish despite these programs being less efficient technically speaking?

Also, I was wondering who were the unresponsive authors that you reached out to in the process of doing research for your book and why did you reach out to them in particularly?

You reference tacit knowledge in Track Changes and how it applies to a writer’s workflow, specifically that of George R.R. Martin. Do you think that one needs to have a tacit knowledge of a program they use for their works in order to be successful in their profession and output of works? Furthermore, do you think that a person with tacit knowledge of a program has more creative sessions than a person who does not possess a tacit knowledge of said program? Does this mean that we should devote ourselves to understanding the ins-and-outs of every version of every software we use for are writing purposes or any processes of value to us we undertake for that matter?

Adam’s Oryx and Crake Provocation

Wow, the word that in my opinion best sums up my reaction to this last segment of Oryx and Crake. One thing that really resonated with me while reading about Crake’s enterprises is how much he reminded me of a Bond villain,specifically that of the Bond villain in the film Moonraker, in the sense that in Crake’s mind his mission is a extremely noble one and that he is ultimately in the right. I would assume that most people who read Oryx and Crake associate Crake as the antagonist in the story, but to Crake he feels that the extreme measures he takes to correct the human condition are necessary in order to make the world a better place. Crake’s perspective is best summed up in the following quote:

“The BlyssPluss Pill would also act as a sure-fire one-time-does-it-all birth-control pill, for male and female alike, thus automatically lowering the population level…Such a pill, he said, would confer large-scale benefits, not only on individual users – although it had to appeal to these or it would be a failure in the marketplace – but on society as a whole; and not only on society, but on the planet.”(471)

Excerpt From: Margaret Atwood. “Oryx and Crake.” iBooks. https://itun.es/us/f5Qiz.l

In the context of the “BlyssPluss Pill” Crake rationalizes his covering up of the fourth effect of the pill, the fourth effect being that of a “one-time-does-it-all birth-control pill, for male and female alike,” because although people will be upset by the fact that they can no longer reproduce and have kids, thus  the pill would effectively “lower the population level”. By lowering the population Crake attests that this will allow for “large-scale benefits,” such as the benefit of using less resources, therefore sustaining and protecting them for future generations to come. The cruel twist to this result though is that when Crake references future generations he is referring to his creations, the Crakers. In his mind they’re perfect in the sense that they have been genetically engineered to not have any of the negative attributes associated with the human condition. The villain in Moonraker justifies killing off all of Earths population in order to repopulate it with genetically perfect humans. Crake is practically the same as he justifies tne genocide of the entire human population as necessary due to the “large-scale benefits… not only on society, but on the planet”(471). Thus, Crake concludes that humans are destroying the Earth and in order to prevent its destruction humans must be done away with. Ultimately, just like the concept in Moonraker, Crakers—genetically perfects individuals— would repopulate the Earth. I think that the anti-hero parallel between the villain in Moonraker and Crake is uncanny. In both cases, some ideas they have and opinion on things are hard not to agree with. For instance, protecting the planet is a very noble and righteous belief and stance, but some people take these noble objectives the extreme, eco-terrorists for example, thats actions do more harm than good.

Therefore, my question to the class is do you see Crake as a villain for destroying human civilization or as a hero because his actions ultimately protected the Earth from further anthropological harm?

My follow up question is do you think that extreme measures must be taken in order to solve extreme problems or conflicts such as the ones that the society in Oryx and Crake are consumed by?

Kari Kraus Questions

1. Do you think that book publishers that utilize/promote the implementation of the transmedia aesthetic to their literary works will help salvage the decline of said publisher’s physical book sales seeing that Generation Z has been born into a world where nowadays most text they read is derived digitally?

2. Do you agree with Carlea Holl-Jensen that in order to draw people back to reading physical books one must alter the presentation of the physical content-scape in order to make for a entirely new physical reading experience that can’t be appropriated into a digital format without losing the integrity of the presentation?

3. In Marx’s Capital Production, he speaks on how you can’t see the labor value of an object, meaning that you can’t see the work that the person who physically crafted the object put into it nor can you see the environment that the object was created in and thus you can’t relate a human/labor value with the object. With that stated, do you think that the processes that Cliffard Hichar utilizes in his book, The Pussycat Said to the Owl: Electronic Circuitry in an Altered Book, will be implemented on larger scale? I ask this because by giving the reader access to the backstory of the creation of the book through microcontrollers, which Hichar implants in his book, he is able to show the reader of his book what went into its creation, thus implanting renewed human/labor value into it that otherwise wouldn’t be there in a standard book format(88).

Revised Midterm Draft— The iPod: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly

Play  Song

October 23, 2001. Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple, summoned a small group of media-related and music industry-minded individuals to the Apple Town Hall in Cupertino California to hear about the future of how people listen to digital music. Up until this date, people knew Apple for their Macintosh computer and iBook, both of which revolutionized the way people interacted with the digital world, but after this particular announcement Apple would be known worldwide for its innovations in music. I was six years old when Jobs announced “the 21st century Walkman,” also known as the iPod. At the time I didn’t grasp the magnitude of the impact the iPod was about to have on the music world, and to go even further, society and the world at large, but I did grasp the concept that music, at the very least, played an integral role in everyone’s life to some extent. Jobs capitalized on just this concept as he rattled off all the restrictions and impracticalities of the then-current music-listening devices. With that said, Jobs introduced the iPod, a pocket-sized mp3 player with a sleek and intuitive interface as well as a 5-gigabyte mp3 storage capacity. With the introduction of the iPod into society, Apple had forever changed the way a majority of the population of the world would listen to music. Now, Kevin Kelly would assert, with the following statement being aligned with the views he expresses in his book What Technology Wants, that the progression of the mp3 player in the form of the iPod has had a greater positive impact on society rather than negative. Most people would probably agree with that statement as it’s been shown that the iPod has been used for many noble causes. For example, the iPod has been used as a quality-of-life enhancing tool, which is an extremely beneficial aspect of the iPod. Many people tend to overlook the more negative and darker attributes of the device, such as its toxicity to the environment and its effect on human social behavior, to even worse negative impacts such as its role in the heavy decline of the music industry. To me, the Apple iPod impact could be best summed up as being good, bad, and then just straight-up ugly. Thus, I would argue that the Apple iPod’s negative impacts out weigh that of its positive impacts because of the degree of severity of its adverse environmental, social, and worse yet, industry-killing effects.

Excerpt of Steve Jobs iPod Key Note Address Video

I don’t entirely disagree with the following statement by Kelly in regards to progress: “I think the balance settles out at higher than 50 percent positive, even if only slightly higher”(77). I agree that there are positive impacts associated with the progression of the mp3 player in the form of the iPod, but I don’t agree with Kelly’s assessment that progression in regards to that of technological devices has been more beneficial for society than it has been negative. With that said, I can’t lay down my counter to Kelly’s argument without exploring all aspects of the impact of the device both positively and negatively.

 

The good. When the schematics of the iPod were introduced to society, many individuals saw it as a tool that could be utilized for the benefit of human society, or to be  more specific, a quality-of-life enhancing tool. Heather Holmes would fall under this category of individuals. Holmes, a member of the Good Samaritan Society as well a therapy-teaching Professor at the University of Nebraska-Omaha, saw potential in the iPod’s customizable music playlist feature, specifically in that the feature could be used therapeutically. Through the implementation of personalized music programs, Holmes and her crew, “create an experience [through the usage of the iPod], and all of a sudden, someone in the group [that is a part of the program] will have a moment when they speak five or six words—like ‘I remember dancing at my wedding.” Keep in mind that the people who take part in these programs have severe cases of dementia and Alzheimer’s, both of which impair their ability to recollect memories greatly. I believe that in respect to the therapeutic field, that only the iPod as a mp3-playing device has the capability to “create a[] [memory triggering] experience” like the one Holmes describes. I sincerely believe that listening to music, especially music that I sincerely enjoy, has a therapeutic impact on my mental psyche, and the progression of the mp3 player in the form of the iPod caters to just that impact exactly.

 

The bad. People tend to skip over the underlying negative environmental facets of a device because they propose unsettling thoughts and scenarios. For instance, a majority of society tends to not realize or flat out ignore the fact that the energy used to power society’s music storage devices is derived from the burning of coal—an activity “that leads to air pollution, climate change, and other problems tucked neatly away behind an electronic screen”(Biello, “How Toxic Is Your iPod?”). David Biello alerts his listeners to the environmental problems associated with the original iPod in the following podcast.

Play Podcast

 

Although, as Biello puts it in his podcast, “Apple is more brown than green. But it’s getting greener” (Biello, “How Toxic is Your iPod?”), the fact that iPod is still overall “brown,” meaning bad for the environment, is cause for concern seeing as recently the consequences of the continual promotion of climate change through anthropological actions, such as the burning of coal, have a detrimental impact on the future of human society. Another phenomenon that can be attributed to the iPod is that it promotes a static human behavior, or to be more specific, promotes what Tom de Castella refers to as “headphone culture”. “Headphone culture” is best described as the generational movement of isolating oneself by listening to digital music via headphones linked to an mp3 player, in this case the iPod. The statements of psychologist Oliver James best sum up the psychological, antisocial impact the iPod causes. James argues that the iPod puts people in a “self-absorbed and atomized” state of mind, which causes people to prefer being alone in their own bubble (Castella, “Has the iPod made us Anti-Social”). I find this assessment of where the collective mental state that society is moving towards by Oliver James as being very similar to that of the future collective mental state of society E.M. Forster suggests in his book The Machine Stops. Forster describes in his book the future of human society’s preference of technological isolation in what Forster describes as “a small room, hexagonal in shape, like the cell of a bee”(1). Although the iPod doesn’t create an actual physical cell that blocks people from their human counterparts, the iPod does create an intangible social barrier that removes people from their human surroundings. Both the collective psychological and environmental impact the iPod has on society is overtly detrimental. It is hard to believe that this is also only the tip of this big, bad iceberg.

 

The ugly. What most music fans, and people in general, will point at, as the largest negative impact attributed to the progression of the mp3 player in the form of the iPod is its role in the rapid decline of the sale of physical records by music stores. NBC News author Rosa Golijan elaborates on the iPod’s role by stating, “Once you had an iPod, the iTunes Store had you. Who wanted to purchase an overpriced CD, go home, pop it into a computer, rip the tunes and then sync them to a gadget? The iPod allowed Apple to make its mobile computing revolution, with a little help from its red-hot media store.”(Golijan, “iTunes turns 10: How Apple Music Store Killed Old Music Industry”). The answer to Golijan’s rhetoric question is not many people as illustrated by the pie chart below.

Graph music

 

As the data of the pie chart above suggests, the revenue stream of the U.S. music industry has experienced a gigantic shift in its landscape in just the last eight years. With this information in mind, it’s not hard to understand why “Tower Records, a hallowed music store chain with a 46-year history, shuttered its doors at the end of 2006”(Golijan, “iTunes turns 10: How Apple Music Store Killed Old Music Industry”). Some editorials such as The Nation went as far as to say that the day Tower Records “shuttered its doors” was “The Day the Music Died,” because all of the events that transpired that caused this collapse of a record giant can be traced back to Apple’s initial introduction of the iPod. If the mp3 player had never progressed into what is the iPod, record stores such as Tower Records may still be bustling with business today. I personally hold this to be true seeing as I would have never discarded my first CD player if the iPod had not captivated me with its dazzling and versatile features, and I think a lot of people would agree with me. Once the iPod had entered my life paired with iTunes, I lost the desire to purchase entire albums and ultimately saw buying albums as economically impractical because most of the time I didn’t enjoy every track on an album and thus moved in favor of just purchasing one or a couple of my favorite cuts off of an album. Thus, the iPod effectively conditioned my generation as a whole into purchasing music in a much different format than that of past generations, which were conditioned in the way to buy music by the record labels. Apple had flipped the music industry’s record selling model on its head, and not surprisingly, the industry declined because of the rapid increase of volatility in the market.

 

Now that I have touched on the good, the bad, and the ugly aspects of the iPod in my analysis, I think it is hard for one to disagree with my argument that the Apple iPod’s negative impacts outweigh its positive ones because of its adverse environmental, social, and worse yet, industry-killing effects. The continued distress of the music industry and the increasing anti-social behavior of society to this day make me wonder if society would have been better off without the iPod. It’s a steep claim, but at the same time, taking in all the evidence I have presented, it is an understandable one. Maybe in the case of the progress of technology the positive-negative balance nature of it comes out to a slightly more positive impact on human society, but in the case of the iPod, I would argue that this is not the case. The progress of technological devices and instruments is a tricky thing, which we as humans have yet to perfect; we still make mistakes that set us back. Ultimately, we can learn from the progression of the iPod to weigh the impacts of certain creations more carefully in the future. If we don’t, we might witness the disillusionment of an industry like that of the record industry once again.

Works Cited:

Forster, E. M. The Machine Stops. London: Penguin, 2011. Print.

“Full Access to IPods Enhances Quality of Life at Good Samaritan Society-Millard.” Music and Memory. Web. 25 Oct. 2014. <http://musicandmemory.org/2013/04/23/full-access-to-ipods-enhances-quality-of-life-at-good-samaritan-society-millard/>.

“Has the IPod Made Us Anti-social?” BBC News. Web. 26 Oct. 2014. <http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15066957>.

“How Toxic Is Your IPod?” Scientific American Global RSS. Web. 23 Oct. 2014. <http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/how-toxic-is-your-ipod-08-10-15/>.

Kelly, Kevin. What Technology Wants. New York: Viking, 2010. Print.

Miller, Jared T. “The IPod Turns 10: How It Shaped Music History | TIME.com.” Time. Time. Web. 24 Oct. 2014. <http://techland.time.com/2011/10/21/the-ipod-turns-10-how-it-shaped-music-history/>.

“ITunes Turns 10: How Apple Music Store Killed Old Music Industry – NBC News.” NBC News. Web. 26 Oct. 2014. <http://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/itunes-turns-10-how-apple-music-store-killed-old-music-f6C9633923>.

 

 

My Experience at the Book Traces event

I really enjoyed the Book Traces outing greatly, especially how the trip coincided with our class’s reading of Fahrenheit 451—a book thats plot is driven by the action of burning books. As opposed to the despondency that is entrenched in the society in Fahrenheit 451, the people who are leading the Book Traces movement were extremely enthusiastic and hopeful that their aspirations would be met with success. While I listened to the professor from the University of Virginia whose name I forget, I got the impression that although a ton of books were getting moved off site from their original libraries, there was still hope for certain books to be saved. Seeing the visible hope on his face for the success of the Book Traces project, I myself felt inspired to really delve into the shelves of Colombia’s studio library and really search for the antique human notation that the Professor had described in his introductory speech.

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When I got to the tenth floor of the library and began to rummage through the shelves of old and tattered books, I thought I would find something of value for sure. Unfortunately, after scouring through over 50 books I came up empty handed. Most people would say that all my time spent had gone to waste, but, on the contrary, I felt extremely accomplished seeing that I had contributed to what I viewed as a very noble and righteous cause. I may have not of found anything, but my peers did, and at the very least I can say I was part of that expedition that brought to light traces of human history that have not seen the light of day for over a hundred years. Just like in Fahrenheit 451, we can learn a lot from reading what others have notated in the past, even though others might say otherwise. That is the main thing I took away from the entire experience. 2014-10-08 14.55.46 2014-10-08 15.22.00 2014-10-08 15.23.25 2014-10-08 15.23.45 2014-10-08 15.34.01

When it comes to the value of these books, I believe that the true value comes from the human attributes they contain within them, which makes them unlike any other old books. With that said, just like we preserve documents that have historical human value connected with them in museums and other galleries, the same should be done with these books. I could see the creation of a Book Traces library or museum that has these books on display for other future generations to view and learn from. By going about it this way the museum or library’s material will be able to offer future generations insight into how people connected with novels and books on a more personal and analytical manner. I see this as being very effective approach to utilizing these materials. All in all, there is much to learn from these books, we just need to formulate the right way to synthesize the knowledge and history they hold.2014-10-08 15.34.58 2014-10-08 14.55.24

 

‘What Technology Wants’ Reflection

I overall really enjoyed Kelly’s What Technology Wants, especially how he structured his argument within the construct of the over-arching theme of the technium. At first, when you read the first two sections of the book, Origins and Imperatives, you get a large degree of insight into Kelly’s personality and overall view of technology as being intertwined and stemming from biological evolution. It is in these two sections that he lays down the foundation of his argument, barely even touching on the book title’s question. This all changes though in the last two parts of the book where Kelly really synthesizes his argument and attacks a lot of notions that I myself had previously believed as right.

One  of these notions is tackled by Kelly in the Choices section of What Technology Wants, which is outlined by the Precautionary Principle approach. After taking Environmental Science last year, I felt very strongly that the Precautionary Principle approach to new technologies was the most effective and ethical way about going about the introduction of new technology into society. For instance, in Environmental Science, we studied the entire DDT “disaster” as the event that birthed the modern environmental activism movement. The take away from the entire disaster was that the Precautionary Principle approach, which was implemented in part because of what happened, was the “right” and “safest” way to go about the introduction of technology. Kelly counters this belief though when he disputes that DDT’s positive effects out weight its negative effects by stating the following:

“They were relying on the precautionary principle: DDT was probably bad; better safe than sorry. In fact DDT had never been shown to hurt humans, and the environmental harm from the miniscule amounts of DDT applied in homes had not been measured. (Kelly 321).

This except really woke me up to Kelly’s proposed idea that in order to make an accurate risk assessment one must investigate thoroughly both the positive and negative effects in order to come to a proper conclusion.

One point that I did not fully agree with of Kelly’s was his assessment of technology as being more of a creation of God that say a being that is biological in nature. This view of Kelly’s is reflected best when he states,

“For the latter, every species can be read as a four-billion-year-long encounter with God. Yet we can see more of God in a cell phone than in a tree frog. The phone extends the frog’s four billion years of learning and adds the open-ended investigations of six billion human minds. Someday we may believe the most convivial technology we can make is not a testament to human ingenuity but a testimony of the holy.”(Kelly 460)

I think that the statement that “the most convivial technology we can make is not a testament of human ingenuity” is a extremely bold claim that downplays the importance and power of “human ingenuity”. I think that technology is  a prime example of “human ingenuity” and not as Kelly puts it “a testimony of the holy” because I don’t believe that technology can ever be a product of the divine even if you argue its transitive connection to it as Kelly does throughout the book. I’m not very religious, but I still believe that if anything is divine it is life because at the end of the day you can’t breath life or a true conscience into technology no matter how hard humans try. The final result will always be artificial.

With that said, my question for the class is as follows: Do you think that it is possible for technology, or a machine for that matter,  to be considered divine or holy?

Kelly, Kevin. What Technology Wants. New York: Viking, 2010. Print.

 

New Media Definition

New media is simply defined as the convergence of both computer and media technologies, allowing for all existing media after that point of convergence to be “translated into numerical data accessible for the computer”(Manovich 25).  Manovich breaks down this definition even further by stating how new media must be “described formally(mathmatically)” along with being “subject to algorithmic manipulation”(Manovich 27).  Through these developments, which allowed for old media to transition to new media, what Manovich coins as “new media objects,” which are objects that utilize mathematical sequences and numerical data in order to function, came into fruition. These new media objects, like a macbook pro for instance, are coined as new media objects because they are hardware structures that compute and analyze new media. A great example of new media is hypermedia—which is a type of new media that allows the “users the ability to create, manipulate, and examine a network of information containing nodes interconnected by relational links”(Halasz and Schwartz 30), a great example of which is the World Wide Web. With this in mind, comparative to old media, which is analog based hardware, new media can be intangible like the World Wide Web. Another good example of new media is “the cloud” which serves as a data server for storage of numerical data, which nowadays consists of essentially everything from photos to music to rar. files. It’s kinda scary to think that the entire world as we know it right now is essentially composed of numerical data, especially as we continue to develop new media more and more. With that said, its not a stretch to conclude that “Earth is a communicative itself,” seeing that it provides the materials and resources that we as humans utilize to construct new media objects(Parikka 2). So maybe, by pulling all this information together, maybe the Earth is new media in the most abstract of senses. To sum it all up, new media serves as a medium for us as humans to communicate to one another via new media objects which we derive from the Earth.

Parikka, Jussi. “The Geology of Media.” The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 11 Oct. 2013. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.

Manovich, Lev. The Language of New Media. London: The MIT Press, 2007. 10-61. Print.

Frank Halasz and Mayer Schwartz, “The Dexter Hypertext Reference Model,” Communication of the ACM(New York : ACM, 1994) 30.

“New Media Definition from PC Magazine Encyclopedia.” New Media Definition from PC Magazine Encyclopedia. The Computer Language Company Inc., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.