Annotated Bibliography

 

Jucks, Regina. And Elisabeth Paus. “What Makes a Word Difficult? Insights into the Mental Representation of Technical Terms.” Metacognition and Learning 7, Jan. 2012: 91–111.

This article is by Regina Jucks and Elisabeth Paus who both contribute to higher academic institutions. While Jucks has a Ph.D. in Social Psychology in Teaching and Education, Paus is senior researcher in clinical medicine at the University of Oslo. Their combined knowledge and specializations make this study not only reliable but also comprehensive and helpful towards uncovering why some words are more difficult than others to understand. Their main thesis states that to understand and grasp a wider vocabulary a broader context of knowledge is required.

Jucks and Paus’ study is intended for academic researchers who could use their findings for their own research or for academic enthusiasts who are interesting in literacy. This study conducted to analyze what makes certain words more difficult to understand gives an in-depth analysis of words origins. The study presents theories about reading comprehension and the monitoring of personal knowledge and how it impacts ones learning process. This article is valuable for its detailed exposition on the origins of people’s difficulty with language and for demonstrating the theories in a detailed recapture of the study conducted to prove the feeling to knowing approach mentioned. Rather than focusing on the positive outcomes of the study, this text is indispensable because of its fair perspective on the results and holistic approach. This study will be especially useful for understanding how people understand words. This text could be easily incorporated into the decision of what types of words to include in the index.

 

Pardieck, Sherrie. C. “Using Visual Literacy to Teach Science Academic Language: Experiences from Three Preservice Teachers.” Action in Teacher Education 36, no. 3 (Fall 2014): 192–210.

This article is by Sherrie Pardieck, a professor at Bradley University specializing in the teaching of reading. Pardieck’s education provides a legitimate source of knowledge that will provide insightful points about how visuals enhance learning. The thesis of this article is that visuals undoubtedly enhance learning and word comprehension significantly.

This article argues that visual literacy is a corner stone of the learning process and significantly improves word comprehension. Pardieck details how visual tools are used to solve problems and help connect cognitive functions for an overall understanding of objects and words in relation to each other. This article projects the helpfulness of using visuals for learning and presents no downsides. There seems to be no bias or slant as the author is a knowledgeable professor with no reason to cover the detriments to visual literacy. There is also considerable supporting evidence for her claims. This article will be especially useful in demonstrating a need for the visual dictionary. The nature of this article suggests it is for academic purposes but the language used makes it accessible for college students. Pardieck’s article legitimizes the purpose of our product while supplying us with background information on the benefits our product will create.

“Millennial Marketing Must Haves.” Forbes. Accessed December 5, 2014. http://www.forbes.com/sites/johnrampton/2014/11/20/millennial-marketing-must-haves/.

Josh Rampton, the author of this article, is an entrepreneur who helps start-ups as the president of Adogy marketing agency. Rampton is extremely well recognized as an influential marketing strategist and has spoken at many business conferences; he is also a contributor on Forbes’ website. These credentials make Rampton a very reliable source when writing and gaining information about marketing. Rampton’s thesis is that marketing strategies have drastically changed after the millennial generation in attempt to target Generation Y, which is proving to be challenging.

The intended audiences for this article are those interested in marketing trends, and those who want a fuller understanding of todays marketing climate. This article is valuable for its current analysis of the marketing climate, accessible language and examples, which make the information applicable. While I cannot see a large bias in the article, there could be a more in depth explanation of the specific steps the companies profiled in the article took to redefine their marketing strategies for Generation Y. This article will be especially helpful for writing the marketing strategy for our product. With the examples of marketing strategies from companies dominating their respective markets, we are able to adopt similar practices to ensure an effective strategy.

Panache Annotated Bibliography Scarlett

Chapman, Cameron. “Website Archives Design: Good Practices and Examples.” Smashing Magazine. Smashing Magazine GmbH. 24 May 2010. Web. 23 November 2014. <http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2010/05/24/website-archives-best-practices-and-showcase/>

This is an article written for Smashing Magazine, an extremely popular online magazine offering professional resources and advice to Web developers and Web designers. It was launched in 2006 by Sven Lennartz and Vitaly Friedman. It has a very large audience and over 800,000 Twitter followers. The author of this article, Cameron Chapman, is a professional Web and graphic designer and journalist. She writes for a number of blogs such as Mashable and Smashing and she is the author of The Smashing Idea Book: From Inspiration to Application, a collection of inspirational designs, photos and web site looks.

While often website’s or blogs can be unreliable sources, Smashing magazine is a well established site aimed at professional web designers and people with some experience in the web design field. This article in particular seems aimed at individuals who already run a website and are looking at ways to improve their design and layout.

The article is broken up into three sections, the first examines common layouts for website archives, the second questions whether specific sites actually need archives and the third showcases some website’s with archives that the author thinks are particularly well designed or successful in their goals. The author puts particular emphasis on the fact that the archives should be spacious, concise and easy to use while still informative and encompassing all the information available on the site.

There is definitely a major bias in the article as it is all written from one individuals point of view regarding what she thinks are the most successful web designs. However I still think it is very interesting to read in regards to our project. Our project will include archiving a huge amount of data in a well designed, easy to use way and this article presents a lot of different, well researched examples regarding the different options available for doing this.

Another thing to take into consideration is that this article was written four years ago, as the internet moves so fast it means that much of the information could be outdated. However after reading the article I think some of it is still definitely relevant.

Although this article is biased to the authors personal taste I still think it’s something we should look at during our research. Her experience as a web designer gives her more authority on the issue’s she’s talking about and she draws from so many different websites that you really get a good overview of the different options available for web archiving.

Annotated Bibliography: Josh

Deno, Stanley L. “EFFECTS OF WORDS AND PICTURES AS STIMULI IN LEARNING LANGUAGE EQUIVALENTS.” Journal of Educational Psychology 59(3) (1968): n. pag. APA PsychNET. American Psychological Association. Web. 24 Nov. 2014. <http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/edu/59/3/202.pdf>.

Stanley Deno is a PhD in educational psychology who has been studying the effects of pictoral language learning since the late 1960’s. His thesis is that image-based learning helps people learn language more quickly than word-based learning. In this specific case, he is looking at learning a second language. His intended audience is teachers and curriculum writers who hope to improve their ability to teach people language. Given how quick he is to dismiss conclusions that would even support his thesis, so long as they are within standard deviation, I would argue that the bias in this article is negligible.

The strengths of this article lie in its thorough transparency and its comprehensive results section. Everything that went in to this study is available to look at and criticize, so the results are under no suspicion as far as how they were reached. The results specifically indicate that pictoral learning offers specific benefits in terms of learning languages, which supports our thesis that our product would help people learn languages. This study is very relevant as far as a base outline for why the product would be beneficial, however, given that it is about learning a second language rather than a first, it is more useful in the context of the product aiding those who have already learned a language rather than children. That said, it doesn’t disqualify our notion that it would help children, rather it supports a secondary goal of ours.

 

Klinger, Walter. “EFFECTS OF PICTURES ON MEMORY & LEARNING.” EFFECTS OF PICTURES ON MEMORY & LEARNING (2000): n. pag. University of Shiga Perfecture. University of Shiga, 2000. Web. 28 Nov. 2014. <http://www.usp.ac.jp/english/pdf/wk00-EffectsPictures.pdf>.

Walter Klinger is a researcher for the University of Shiga and has been publishing papers since 1996. This paper is about what effects images as teaching tools have on learning. He concludes that they are very useful for teaching people who are unfamiliar with the subject matter they are being taught. He compares using them to instruct children to their effects on college students, and he concludes that children learn much better with images than adults, but the study doesn’t address adults who aren’t already familiar with the subject matter. It is consistent with his research that Panache could be used effectively for adult literacy as well as child literacy.

There is very little bias in the paper. He tends towards the middle, as his overall conclusion that images are helpful for some but not others. This kind of lack of lopsidedness indicates that there is likely very little bias. The strengths of this article lie in its child literacy support. It is a comprehensive, peer reviewed paper, and as such, it is at least somewhat reliable. There is information in the paper that both supports and opposes the objective of Panache. That said, most of the relevant information supports it, and the parts that refer to Panache’s weaknesses simply conclude that we shouldn’t expect it to be popular with groups that we hadn’t considered our audience.

 

Canning-Wilson, Christine. “Article 48: Visuals & Language Learning: Is There A Connection?” Article 48: Visuals & Language Learning: Is There A Connection? By Christine Canning-Wilson. Center for Excellence in Applied Research and Training (CERT College), Higher Colleges of Technology – Abu Dhabi, Feb. 2001. Web. 04 Dec. 2014. <http://www.eltnewsletter.com/back/Feb2001/art482001.htm>.

Christine Channing-Wilson has a masters degree and is a regularly invited speaker at conferences. She has been the chairperson of multiple academic committees and has been published numerous times in both article and book form. Her thesis is that there are unexplored capabilities of images in teaching language to non-native speakers. In her case, she specifically uses English in the United Arab Emirates. This article was written for people intending to teach second languages. It specifically references what kinds of visuals help in what contexts for language learning and why those kinds work better where they do.

Given the author’s seeming intent in writing this paper, there is definitely some chance for slant. The cited studies all appear to be unbiased, but given that the paper concludes on one side, there is definitely a chance for selection bias. Given the nature of the studies cited, though, it appears to be unbiased. The strengths of this article lie in its clarity. It uses charts and concise writing to summarize the points of the studies that it is citing. The information in this paper lean heavily in favor of our thesis. She concludes that “more emphasis should be put on the possibility that visual images affect how learners learn and how teachers teach.” This is extremely relevant to our project, as it directly supports the idea that Panache would be a valuable resource for teachers and students.

Event of Interest (Extra Credit)

Infrastructures of Labor

December 8

| 6:30 pm – 8:30 pm
20 Cooper Square | 5th Floor Conference Room
Infrastructures of Labor explores how infrastructures are not just technical artifacts but are comprised of human labor. From networked infrastructures in the global North to do-it-yourself “people as infrastructure” systems in the global South, the panelists will present research considering how human bodies and communities are interwoven with the built environment and its technological systems.
Panelists
Kafui Attoh – Assistant Professor of Urban Studies, The Murphy Institute, CUNY
Catherine Fennell – Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Columbia University
Malini Ranganathan – Assistant Professor, School of International Service, American University
Rosalind Fredericks – Assistant Professor, Gallatin School of Individualized Study, NYU
 
Moderator:
Penny Lewis – Associate Professor of Labor Studies, The Murphy Institute, CUNY
If you attend and post a short description relating this event to our course you can ear 5 points extra credit.

Privacy as a Human Right

To follow-up on our discussion of privacy and data-surveillance, here is an interesting article that looks at this issue from the angle of policy-makers worldwide:
http://techcrunch.com/2014/11/23/privacy-human-rights-frontier/
“We need a more powerful moral narrative, more powerful technical narrative… Here’s where this issue is different from many other issues, the knowledge level is very low, amongst people more widely, because it is very technical, because it’s very complex, so although it’s the new frontier of human rights it’s a very complicated frontier of human rights… It’s very different from other human rights issues — it’s one where we have to educate others because they will not always see the importance of it.”
I also strongly suggest reading The Circle by Dave Eggers, which is a utopian/dystopian near-future novel addressing these concerns.

And in case you missed it, here is the documentary I suggested (and some students used in their midterms): http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2084953/

You can watch a trailer here: http://tacma.net/tacma.php