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Museum Hours (2012), Jem Cohen

May 29, 2020

VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS

* Originally published at Cinética in November 2016. 

The politics of attention

At an interview included in the book Dissenting Words, the philosopher Jacques Rancière tells a story of working-class emancipation published at a militant newspaper during the French Revolution: “He is in a bourgeois home, laying the wood floors; he is exploited both by his boss and by the owner of the house. The house isn’t his, and yet he describes how he seizes the space, the place, the view opened up by the window.” This brief chance to look out the window and enjoy the pleasures afforded by the house, instead of just building it, has of course always been factored in the employer-employee contract as broken down in Erving Goffman’s The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1959). However, Rancière’s observation emphasizes the chance for a ricochet: what if the working person whose gaze gets to rest beyond the window frame decides not to come back in? 

Museum Hours, by Jem Cohen, is not set in 18th century France, but at a museum, Vienna’s Kunsthistorisches, in present time. Between these two historical periods, the industrial economy has expanded toward the attention economy, not only monitoring the arms and legs of the working class, but primarily their time. Johann (Bobby Sommer) embodies this new proletariat: his job is to be present – with his eyes wide open, and his body available – in case something happens. His prime matter is his own attentive time. 

But Johann watches over a museum, a space that is designed to establish another state of attention and observation. “The museum effect […] is a way of seeing,” (Svetlana Alpers, A Way of Seeing), and there, in the long intervals (expressively, it is wintertime) between a guided tour, an incoming group of students, and a visitor who gets too close to objects removed from touch, the museum guard sees himself surrounded by many windows, much like the one that opened to the French construction worker in the proletarian newspaper: sculptures, objects, and especially the paintings of Bruegel the Elder, which welcome repeated viewings with the multiplicity of focal points – a boy under a tree, a sick person on a stretcher, a horse’s ass – granting endless new discoveries. Like intermittent gaps in the system, these breaches are highlighted by the black screen that emphasizes the disconnection between the work at the museum and the life in the city. Politics sleeps in the discontinuity of these cuts. 

Until, one day, Johann starts paying attention to Anne (Mary Margaret O’Hara), a Canadian visitor who had flown to Vienna to stand by the last days of her cousin in a hospital bed, and who gets to kill time between hospital visits in the museum. Distinct circumstances – for Johann, the need to make a living; for Anne, the need to wake the impending death – bring them together to partake in the same wait: the fresh gaze of the foreigner pairs with the attentive and repeated observation that expands the world into a fascinating collection of details, which in turn expands the museum space out into the city, revealing the extraordinary in the ordinary: a blind man pacing down frozen streets; a ripped up poster; a red jacket; a subterranean lake with crystal-clear waters serpentining in the dark. 

Even though the film features a very memorable sequence that openly discusses the dilemmas of (late?) capitalism, this economic-political load suggested here might at first feel counterintuitive considering Museum Hours hums in minor key. Jem Cohen – a D.C. punk at heart who arrived at cinema documenting musicians like Fugazi and Patti Smith, and who directed noteworthy “music videos” before setting both feet in the cinema and in the visual arts – preserves the rips of rage and revolt under those black and white suits, finding a non-reconciled resignation that mutes the screams of youth. But the screams are still there, like windows waiting to be opened, or paintings that hide its most significant details behind misleading titles. A mix of fiction, documentary, and essay-film, Museum Hours is a powerful whisper about the very much alive, transformative, and potentially subversive character of the artistic experience, creating its own state of attention: a way of seeing that transcends the experience of the theater into every aspect of daily life. 


* * *


* Publicado originalmente em Cinética em Novembro de 2016. 

A política da atenção

Na conferência A Política da Arte, o filósofo Jacques Rancière conta uma narrativa de emancipação operária publicada em um jornal militante durante a Revolução Francesa: “Sentindo-se em casa enquanto ainda não terminou o piso do cômodo em que trabalha, ele desfruta da tarefa; se a janela se abre para um jardim ou domina um horizonte pitoresco, por um instante ele repousa seus braços e plana em ideias para a espaçosa perspectiva, gozando dela melhor do que os proprietários das casas vizinhas”. Essa breve chance de olhar pela janela e de aproveitar a casa, em vez de apenas construí-la, era cálculo embutido na margem de erro da relação patrão-empregado, esmiuçada no clássico da antropologia A Representação do Eu na Vida Cotidiana (1959), de Erving Goffman. A observação de Rancière, porém, reforça a possibilidade de ricochete: e se o operário decidir naquele momento que não cruzará a janela de volta?

Horas de Museu, de Jem Cohen, não se passa na França no final do século XVIII, mas sim em um museu, o Kunsthistorisches de Viena, nos dias de hoje. De lá para cá, a economia industrial se expandiu para a economia de atenção, que monitora não só os braços e as pernas do operário, mas principalmente seu tempo. Johann (Bobby Sommer) encarna idealmente esse novo proletariado: seu trabalho é estar presente, de olhos abertos e corpo disponível, para o caso de algo acontecer. Sua matéria-prima é o tempo de sua própria atenção.

Mas Johann vigia um museu, espaço que tem como vocação estabelecer um outro estado de atenção e observação. “O efeito-museu […] é uma maneira de olhar”, (Svetlana Alpers, A Way of Seeing), e ali, nos longos intervalos (expressivamente, o filme se passa no inverno) entre uma visita guiada, um grupo de estudantes e um visitante que se aproxima demais dos objetos interditos ao toque, o vigia se vê cercado de diversas janelas, como a que se abria para o trabalhador civil no periódico operário: esculturas, objetos e, especialmente, os quadros de Bruegel, o Velho, cuja multiplicidade de pontos focais – um garoto sob a árvore, um doente estirado na maca, a bunda de um cavalo – favorece a revisita, reservando sempre novas descobertas. Essas brechas, falhas intermitentes no sistema, estão representadas pela intervenção da tela negra, reforçando a desconexão entre o trabalho no museu e a vida na cidade. A política é posta dormente na descontinuidade desses cortes.

Até que Johann se pega observando Anne (Mary Margaret O’Hara), canadense que foi a Viena acompanhar os últimos dias da prima num hospital, e que mata seu tempo no museu. Circunstâncias diferentes – para Johann, a necessidade de sobrevivência; para Anne, a consideração para com a morte – levam os dois a compartilhar uma mesma espera, o frescor do olhar estrangeiro se combina com a observação detida e repetida que multiplica o mundo em uma fascinante coleção de detalhes, e o museu se expande para a cidade, revelando o extraordinário no comum: um cego caminhando por calçadas congeladas; um pôster rasgado; um casaco vermelho; um lago subterrâneo de águas cristalinas que se esparramam pela escuridão.

Embora o filme traga uma sequência memorável que discute abertamente os dilemas do capitalismo, toda essa bagagem político-econômica pode parecer pouco condizente com o tom menor de Horas de Museu. Jem Cohen – eterno punk da cena de Washington, D.C., que chegou ao audiovisual documentando músicos como Fugazi e Patti Smith, e trilhou carreira notável nos videoclipes antes de migrar decisivamente para o cinema e as artes visuais – mantém os rasgos de raiva e revolta abafados sob os ternos, com uma resignação não conciliada que suplanta os gritos da juventude. Mas eles estão lá, como janelas que esperam para ser abertas, ou quadros que escondem seus mais ricos detalhes sem alardeá-los nos títulos. Ao filme, cabe criar um estado também de atenção, uma forma de olhar, que transcende a experiência da projeção à própria vivência cotidiana, fora do cinema. Mistura de ficção, documentário e filme-ensaio, Horas de Museu é um poderoso sussurro sobre o caráter vivo, transformador e potencialmente subversivo da experiência artística.

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