In this research with Nick Caros, we studied the effects of violent crime on active transportation modes like walking and biking in NYC and found that an increase in crime has a much greater impact on bike ridership than it does on walking, but the sensitivity of the former is still several times less than to collision rate. The work was partially supported by the C2SMART UTC.

Paper available here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214367X18302060