Borderlands

critical theory

Owl Bar Aftermath–Clare Boyle Statement–Ethos, Pathos, Logos

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 Use Ethos, Pathos and logos to determine reliable narrator in following passage: 

Clare Boyle the niece of the alleged mass shooter Michael Brown of Anaconda Montana has released the following statement on behalf of their family. The Boyle’s written statement can be read in full below.

“We don’t know much right now unfortunately apart from what the police know.. My uncle is a very mentally ill veteran. He served in the army and was sent home a sergeant. He had developed schizophrenia during his time in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Then he joined the National Guard where he was not allowed to be deployed again due to his mental illness.. Mikee hasn’t been the same since he came back.. It’s been progressively worse with the passing of both parents and exceedingly worse since the trauma of my grandmas passing (his mother)… The VA turned us away stating that they weren’t able to help. The Montana state Hospital turned us away because they only accept patients who are court ordered which could not happen unless “He becomes a harm to self or others”.

The system failed.. We as people failed.. Failed to report suspicious behavior because “that’s just Mikee” patrons of the bar urinating on his porch and mocking his delusions to get a rise out of him because they know it will… You deal with that long enough… With a mental illness? Horrible things are going to happen. We begged people to listen and open their eyes.. 99% of the time Mikee is harmless. You can ask almost anyone in town. If you’re not mocking his delusions or being awful towards him he is one of the best people… I don’t know what happened Thursday night to provoke this and I don’t know what happened Friday morning to push this… what I do know is no amount of words or apologies will ever be enough to express the remorse and heartbreak I personally feel for these families effected. 5 families were destroyed on Friday morning.

To determine whether the narrator (Clare Boyle, via her written statement) is reliable, we can assess her use of **ethos** (credibility), **pathos** (emotional appeal), and **logos** (logical reasoning).

## **1. Ethos (Credibility):**

– **Connection to Subject:** Clare identifies herself as Michael Brown’s niece, establishing a close relationship and presenting herself as a family spokesperson.

– **Insider Knowledge:** She references family history and personal experience with Michael’s mental illness and medical treatment attempts, suggesting direct experience.

– **Transparency:** She admits, “We don’t know much right now unfortunately apart from what the police know,” and, “I don’t know what happened Thursday night… or Friday morning,” which suggests honesty about the limits of her knowledge rather than portrayal of certainty.

**Assessment:**  

Clare’s ethos partially supports her reliability; she’s up-front about what she does and does not know, speaks with empathy, and has direct involvement. However, as a family member, she may have unconscious bias in defense of her uncle.

## **2. Pathos (Emotional Appeal):**

– **Appeals to Sympathy:** The narrative emphasizes Michael’s mental illness and trauma: “mentally ill veteran,” “developed schizophrenia,” “wasn’t the same since he came back,” “trauma of my grandma’s passing,” “the system failed.”

– **Systemic Critique:** Expresses frustration at healthcare and systemic failures (“VA turned us away,” “Montana State Hospital turned us away”), and the community’s passivity or cruelty toward Michael.

– **Victim’s Remorse:** “No words or apologies will ever be enough to express remorse and heartbreak… 5 families were destroyed…”

**Assessment:**  

Strong emotional language (“horrible things are going to happen”) is meant to evoke empathy and perhaps lessen judgment of Michael Brown. While this is authentic in grief, it may also serve to shift blame from the accused to societal failures, suggesting some emotional bias.

## **3. Logos (Logic):**

– **Factual Claims:** Provides a timeline—service in the army, development of illness, attempts to get help, rejection by institutions. Cites specific causes for the situation (mental health deterioration, failing support systems).

– **Acknowledgement of Uncertainty:** Clearly states what is unknown about the events in question (“I don’t know what happened…”).

– **Rational Explanation:** Argues that long-term mistreatment and untreated illness leads to tragedy.

**Assessment:**  

The reasoning is logical within the framework of the story: trauma, untreated mental illness, and systemic neglect can contribute to tragedies. However, there is absence of direct evidence about the actual events (“I don’t know what happened Thursday night”), which underlines that her claim is interpretive, not eyewitness or fact-driven about the central incident.

 

## **Conclusion: Reliable Narrator?**

**Clare Boyle appears to be a **reliable** narrator regarding the family’s experiences, her uncle’s mental health, and efforts to get help.** Her transparency about gaps in her knowledge, firsthand experience, and emotional candor enhance her credibility about these aspects.

**However, she is not a reliable narrator for the details of the actual shooting incident,** as she explicitly admits her lack of knowledge (“I don’t know what happened…”). Her emotional closeness to Michael and the tragic situation could introduce some bias, mainly in her framing of events as systemic failures rather than addressing possible personal culpability.

**Summary Table:**

| Aspect | Reliable? | Reasoning |

|——————-|————-|————————————————–|

| Family history | Yes | Firsthand knowledge, direct experience |

| Michael’s illness | Yes | Observed over time, acknowledges uncertainty |

| Shootings details | No | Admits ignorance of facts |

| Motive/blame | Partially | Emotional, some bias towards systemic explanation |

**Overall:**  

Clare is a reliable narrator for her direct experiences and observations, but her narrative of the shooting itself is limited to secondhand information and emotional context, not factual account of the events.

 

source. perplexity.ai

 

Social Media.  https://x.com/jameslangelle

GROK.

Owl Bar Aftermath 08.02.25.2020pdt: #Anaconda, Montana quadruple homicide suspect Michael Paul Brown niece’s statement examined for reliable/unreliable narrator using ethos, pathos, logos; for factual claims vs unconscious bias toward uncle’s intent. perplexity.ai/search/use-eth
 
  • The post references a real-time investigation into a quadruple homicide at the Owl Bar in Anaconda, Montana, where Michael Paul Brown, a 45-year-old army veteran with Iraq deployment (2004-05), is the suspect, as confirmed by Montana Department of Justice and BBC reports from August 2, 2025.
  • It suggests analyzing the niece’s statement using ethos (credibility), pathos (emotion), and logos (logic)—rhetorical tools from Aristotle’s framework— to assess bias or reliability, a method supported by peer-reviewed studies like those in the Journal of Applied Communication Research (2019) on narrative credibility.
  • The event highlights a rare violent outbreak in a small community (under 10,000 residents), contrasting with FBI crime data showing rural areas typically have lower homicide rates (1.9 per 100,000 vs. 6.3 in urban areas, 2023), prompting questions about the suspect’s mental state post-military service.
 

Anaconda Dragnet–Michael Paul Brown–Quadruple Homicide

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Owl Bar mass shooting Anaconda, Montana

      Four people were killed in a mass shooting at The Owl Bar in Anaconda, Montana, on Friday, August 1, 2025, at approximately 10:30 a.m.. The victims—one bartender and three patrons—were the only people present during the shooting, according to the owner. The suspect, 45-year-old Michael Paul Brown, fled the scene and remains at large as of the latest reports.

      Brown is described as a military veteran, having served as an Army armor crewman from 2001 to 2005 and deployed to Iraq, later serving with the National Guard through March 2009. His family and law enforcement sources indicate that Brown struggled with significant mental health issues, including schizophrenia and PTSD.

      Authorities have recovered the getaway vehicle—Brown’s 2007 white Ford F-150—but not the suspect himself. The search effort, involving SWAT teams and a police perimeter, is now concentrated in the mountainous Stumptown area west of Anaconda, where Brown was last seen. Residents have been told to remain vigilant and stay indoors due to the suspect’s continued flight and the belief he is armed and extremely dangerous.

      As of early August 2, Brown’s location is still unknown, and no motives or prior conflicts with the victims have been confirmed by police or the bar owner. The names of the four victims have not yet been released pending notification of next of kin.

 

The following is information regarding the suspect’s alleged mental health issues:

Toulmin Method: evidence to warrant the claim

      In the Toulmin method of argumentation, the evidence (or grounds) provides the factual basis or data that supports the claim. The warrant is the logical connection or reasoning that explains why the evidence justifies the claim. Put simply, the warrant shows how and why the evidence (grounds) supports the claim, bridging the two parts in the argument.

      For example, if the claim is “There is a wolf outside,” the evidence might be “I hear howling outside,” and the warrant would be “Wolves are animals that howl.” This explains why hearing howling is good evidence the claim is true. The warrant can be explicit or implied, but it must be a generally accepted principle or assumption that authorizes the leap from evidence to claim.

      In sum, the claim states what you want to prove, the evidence (grounds) provides the facts, and the warrant justifies the connection between the two by explaining why the evidence is relevant and supportive of the claim.

      Additional components like backing can provide further support for the warrant, strengthening the argument further, but the core role of the warrant remains the logical link between evidence and claim

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/toulmin-method-evidence-to-war-aNxzNQYdT22s8ZEkEa9vxA

The Toulmin Method applied to the quadruple homicide case with respect to the PTSD allegations:

evidence to warrant the claim michael paul brown, anaconda montana quadruple homicide suspect suffered ptsd

There is evidence to support the claim that Michael Paul Brown, the suspect in the Anaconda, Montana quadruple homicide, suffered from PTSD, primarily based on testimonials from family and friends and verified details about his military service.

  • Brown’s niece, Clare Boyle, told MTN News that he suffered from significant mental health challenges, including schizophrenia and PTSD stemming from his U.S. Army service. She described worsening symptoms after personal loss and difficulties obtaining care from veterans’ services. Boyle noted that he was deployed to Iraq from early 2004 to March 2005, and continued to struggle with delusions and behavioral issues following his discharge.
  • A friend of Brown also told news outlets that Brown was “struggling with PTSD” and sometimes believed he was still in the Army, recounting how untreated mental health issues led to concerning behaviors. The friend stated: “He needed help… It’s devastating that no one listened until it was too late”. Local residents and family members had reportedly tried to get assistance for Brown through the VA and mental health services without success.
  • Official military records confirm that Brown served as an armor crewman in Iraq and in the National Guard. This deployment history is consistent with risk factors for PTSD among veterans.

However, it is important to note that:

  • All information confirming a PTSD diagnosis comes from family and friends; there are no direct statements from medical or psychological professionals in the reporting so far.
  • No official records or court documents reporting a clinical diagnosis have been cited in the available news coverage.
  • Law enforcement and authorities have focused on the ongoing manhunt and investigation, not Brown’s mental health history.

In summary, family and friends close to Michael Paul Brown, corroborated by his verified Iraq war deployment, describe him as suffering from PTSD. But as of now, the available evidence is primarily testimonial and circumstantial, without direct medical documentation in the public record.

 

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/evidence-to-warrant-the-claim-FFGstxJHTQaeEb5xRzOemw

Social Media:

Owl Bar Incident 08.02.25.1600pdt: Quadruple homicide suspect, Michael Paul Brown, #Anaconda, Montana, dark past reveals brother William Leonard, life term for murder in 2000, escape with others during prison transfer. (Montana Standard, 04 Sept. 2004, p. 1). Connection unclear.

ImageImage

 
Image
Death Hunt 08.02.25.1900pdt: Armed and dangerous Owl Bar quadruple homicide suspect Michael Paul Brown dodges capture by massive dragnet. News calls #Anaconda outback “rugged;” is there any place up there that isn’t? That’s why it’s called Montana.
 
GROK:
  • The X post links the 1981 film Death Hunt, starring Charles Bronson and Lee Marvin, to a real-time manhunt for Michael Paul Brown, a suspected quadruple homicide suspect in Anaconda, Montana, drawing a parallel between the film’s rugged wilderness chase and the current “massive dragnet” in the Anaconda-Pintler Wilderness, as reported by Montana news outlets like BBC and Fox News on August 2, 2025.
  • The film’s depiction of a fictionalized RCMP pursuit of Albert Johnson, a loner evading capture in harsh terrain, mirrors the ongoing challenge faced by law enforcement tracking Brown, whose abandoned getaway car and barefoot escape photo suggest survival skills honed during his U.S. Army veteran service, a detail corroborated by the Montana Division of Criminal Investigation.
  • Historical data from the Anaconda area, including its copper mining past and the 1893 Owl Bar shooting site, adds context to the region’s rugged reputation, while no peer-reviewed studies exist on manhunt success rates in such environments, though anecdotal evidence from past cases (e.g., Eric Rudolph’s 1998 capture) indicates dense wilderness often prolongs fugitive evasion.

Title IX: Genderism, Language Ideology and Swimming to UPenn

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Title IX was signed into law by Richard Nixon 45 years ago today - ImgurIntroduction

     Blame Tricky Dick for yet another controversy that would outlive the Vietnam War, the bombing of Cambodia and Watergate, the signing into law of the now controversial “Title IX.”

     With it allows men into women’s sports, but an even more far-reaching consequence, the spread of genderism.

 (Image credit: https://imgur.com/gallery/title-ix-was-signed-into-law-by-richard-nixon-45-years-ago-today-g5i4y)

Capsules

     The initial methodology is to employ synthetic intelligence (AI) with a string of search queries to provide not just a background to the equal opportunity in education law, but it’s possible connection to genderism.

(Begin Perplexity-AI)

define genderism

Genderism can be defined in several ways depending on the context:

  1. Binary Gender Belief: It often refers to the ideology that there are only two genders—male and female—and that a person’s gender is inherently tied to their sex assigned at birth. This perspective reinforces the gender binary and can lead to negative attitudes toward gender nonconformity137.

  2. Discrimination Against Non-Binary Individuals: Genderism can also describe discrimination against people who do not identify as exclusively male or female, including non-binary individuals3.

  3. Patriarchal Bias: In some contexts, genderism is used to describe a form of patriarchy that discriminates against femininity, affecting both men and women. This form of genderism is distinct from sexism, as it targets gender roles and expressions rather than biological sex2.

  4. Essentialism and Ideology: Genderism can also relate to gender essentialism, which attributes intrinsic qualities to men and women based on their gender. Additionally, it may be linked to gender ideology, which is often criticized by anti-gender movements35.

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/define-genderism-M747SzivTS2nD.sIkGjEuQ
 
language ideology of genderism

Language ideology of genderism refers to the beliefs and attitudes about language use in relation to gender identities and expressions. This ideology is closely intertwined with societal views on gender and can manifest in various ways:

  1. Binary gender assumptions: Genderist language ideology often reinforces a strict male-female binary, neglecting or dismissing non-binary and gender-diverse identities1.

  2. Performativity: Anti-cis-sexist language reform movements focus on linguistic performativity, aiming to unsettle cis-sexist assumptions and render greater gender diversity legible1.

  3. Power dynamics: Genderist language ideology can reflect and reinforce existing power imbalances between genders in society, often privileging masculine forms of expression2.

  4. Socialization: The difference approach suggests that men and women develop distinct communicative styles due to socialization from childhood, resulting in different “sub-cultures” of language use3.

  5. Historical context: The development of gendered language norms is deeply rooted in historical and cultural contexts, often reflecting patriarchal structures4.

  6. Resistance and reform: Feminist and LGBTQ+ movements have challenged genderist language ideologies, advocating for more inclusive and equitable forms of expression13.

  7. Intersectionality: Genderist language ideology intersects with other forms of discrimination, such as racism and classism, creating complex patterns of linguistic marginalization2.

Understanding the language ideology of genderism is crucial for addressing linguistic inequalities and promoting more inclusive communication practices across society.

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/language-ideology-of-genderism-3_iP6R3aTKG7YsqFDfiRlw
 
background on title ix.

Title IX is a landmark federal civil rights law in the United States that was enacted as part of the Education Amendments of 1972. It prohibits sex-based discrimination in any school or education program that receives federal funding13. The law consists of a concise 37-word sentence: “No person in the United States shall, based on sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance”3.

Origins and Development

Title IX emerged as a follow-up to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which banned various forms of discrimination but left a gap regarding sex discrimination in education12. The initial draft was authored by Representatives Patsy Mink and Edith Green, with Senator Birch Bayh introducing it to Congress in 197123.

Key Figures

  • Senator Birch Bayh: Chief Senate sponsor who introduced Title IX in Congress15

  • Representative Patsy Mink: Major author and sponsor of the bill5

  • Representative Edith Green: Held hearings on discrimination against women and introduced legislation in the House15

Legislative Process

  1. Early legislative draft aimed at amending the Civil Rights Act of 19641

  2. Introduced in Congress by Senator Birch Bayh in 19712

  3. Passed by Congress on June 8, 19721

  4. Signed into law by President Richard Nixon on June 23, 197225

Impact and Scope

While Title IX is often associated with sports equity, its original statute made no explicit mention of sports1. The law’s impact extends to various aspects of education, including:

  1. Admissions

  2. Financial aid

  3. Academic programs

  4. Athletics

  5. Sexual harassment and assault prevention17

Title IX has played a crucial role in advancing gender equality in education and has significantly transformed colleges and universities over the past 50 years7.

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/background-on-title-ix-S8CNFdjjT5CMSWoXWoWCLA
 
title ix is responsible for the rise of genderism

Title IX, enacted in 1972, prohibits sex-based discrimination in educational programs or activities receiving federal funding. While it was originally designed to promote gender equity in education, its interpretation and application have evolved significantly over time, particularly in relation to gender identity and societal discussions about gender roles.

Key Developments of Title IX:

  1. Original Purpose: Title IX aimed to eliminate sex discrimination in education, addressing inequities in admissions, scholarships, faculty hiring, and athletics. It was a response to broader civil rights movements and sought to ensure women had equal opportunities in education and employment25.

  2. Impact on Women’s Opportunities: Title IX led to significant progress for women, particularly in sports and higher education. For example, it helped increase female participation in athletics and reversed disparities in college enrollment and advanced degrees15.

  3. Expansion to Gender Identity: Over time, Title IX’s scope expanded to include protections against discrimination based on gender identity and failure to conform to traditional gender roles. This shift began under the Obama administration and was later supported by the Biden administration’s executive orders346.

  4. Controversy Over Genderism: Critics argue that Title IX’s reinterpretation has contributed to the rise of “genderism,” or the emphasis on gender identity over biological sex. This includes debates over transgender students’ participation in sports and access to facilities aligned with their gender identity. These issues have sparked legal challenges and political disputes34.

Connection Between Title IX and Genderism:

  • Cultural Shifts: Title IX has been used as a tool to challenge traditional gender roles, promoting a broader understanding of gender beyond biological sex. This aligns with efforts to combat stereotypes and foster inclusivity but has also fueled debates about fairness and societal norms13.

  • Legal Interpretation: The inclusion of gender identity under Title IX has been both celebrated as a step toward equality and criticized as a departure from its original intent46.

In summary, while Title IX was not initially responsible for the rise of “genderism,” its evolving interpretation has played a role in shaping modern discussions about gender identity and equality. This evolution reflects broader societal changes but remains a contentious issue.

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/title-ix-is-responsible-for-th-uLOT4QCETNmQ3NCJu_ApmQ

title ix does not protect transgender athletes

The statement “Title IX does not protect transgender athletes” is incorrect. The current legal landscape surrounding Title IX and transgender athletes is complex and evolving, with no definitive ruling that excludes transgender athletes from protection.

Current Legal Status

Title IX, the federal law prohibiting sex discrimination in educational programs, does not explicitly exclude or include transgender athletes. Courts have not definitively ruled that Title IX requires the exclusion of transgender girls from girls’ sports teams1. In fact, some courts have argued that Title IX protects transgender athletes, and there have been strong arguments supporting the inclusion of transgender girls in girls’ sports under Title IX1.

Recent Developments

As of March 2025, the issue remains contentious:

  1. The Biden administration attempted to expand protections for transgender students under Title IX but faced legal challenges1.

  2. The Trump administration issued an executive order in February 2025 attempting to ban transgender athletes from sports, but this order does not override existing state or federal laws2.

  3. A new federal regulation protecting transgender students’ rights has been challenged by Republican states, arguing it would require schools to allow transgender athletes to compete on teams aligning with their gender identity3.

Legal Interpretations

Many legal experts argue that Title IX’s prohibition of sex discrimination can be read to require that transgender individuals be permitted to fully participate in school athletics4. Courts have routinely rejected arguments that physical differences between sexes justify exclusion of females from otherwise all-male sports teams, and similar logic could apply to transgender athletes4.

In conclusion, while the issue remains controversial and subject to ongoing legal and political debates, it is inaccurate to state that Title IX definitively does not protect transgender athletes. The legal interpretation of Title IX’s application to transgender athletes is still evolving, with many arguments supporting their inclusion under the law’s protections.

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/title-ix-does-not-protect-tran-.2WXGYLZSjan9_ruDlIkNw

upenn and title ix investigation

The University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) is currently facing a Title IX investigation launched by the U.S. Department of Education in February 202534. This investigation was initiated one day after President Donald Trump signed an executive order prohibiting transgender athletes from participating in women’s sports4.

The investigation primarily focuses on UPenn’s decision to allow Lia Thomas, a transgender woman, to compete on the women’s swimming team during the 2021-22 season4. Thomas’s participation led to several achievements, including winning a national championship title in the women’s 500-yard freestyle in 20222.

Key developments in this situation include:

  1. Federal funding pause: The Trump administration has paused $175 million in federal funding to UPenn, citing the university’s inclusion of transgender athletes in women’s sports12. This funding pause is separate from the ongoing Title IX investigation3.

  2. Lawsuit: Three former UPenn swimmers have filed a lawsuit against the university and other entities, alleging Title IX violations related to Thomas’s participation in women’s competitions4.

  3. Policy changes: Following the announcement of the investigation, UPenn Athletics removed its diversity, equity, and inclusion webpage, including its policy on the inclusion of transgender student-athletes4.

  4. Broader implications: The investigation is part of a larger initiative by the current administration to enforce Title IX protections based on biological sex in educational institutions4.

UPenn has stated that it has always followed NCAA and Ivy League policies regarding student participation on athletic teams and remains in full compliance with applicable regulations23. However, the university is now under scrutiny as the investigation unfolds, potentially risking further federal funding if found in violation of Title IX1.

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/upenn-and-title-ix-investigati-PSCsmjk6QpmVEr0v26Qv6Q
 

federal discretionary funding over college transgender athletics

The Trump administration has suspended approximately $175 million in federal funding for the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) due to its policies regarding transgender athletes’ participation in women’s sports123. This action was announced on March 19, 2025, and is separate from an ongoing Title IX investigation by the Department of Education4.

Key Details

  • Funding Sources: The suspended funds come from the Department of Defense and the Department of Health and Human Services25.

  • Reason: The administration cited UPenn’s policy allowing transgender women to compete on women’s sports teams, particularly referencing former swimmer Lia Thomas34.

  • University Response: UPenn stated it has not received official notification of the funding suspension and maintains that it has always followed NCAA and Ivy League policies regarding student-athlete participation15.

Context

This funding suspension follows a February 2025 executive order by President Trump banning transgender women from competing in women’s sports at the collegiate and K-12 levels1. The action against UPenn is part of a broader trend of the Trump administration targeting higher education funding, with recent cuts also affecting institutions like Columbia University and the University of Maine4.

The controversy centers around Lia Thomas, who in 2022 became the first openly transgender athlete to win an NCAA Division I championship in the women’s 500-yard freestyle1. This event has been at the center of ongoing debates about gender identity and fairness in college athletics.

Implications

This funding suspension highlights the ongoing political and social debate surrounding transgender athletes’ participation in sports. It also demonstrates the federal government’s willingness to use financial leverage to influence university policies on contentious issues5.

 
https://www.perplexity.ai/search/federal-discretionary-funding-6N8dEXejQa2UHPsmXAeROA
 
(End Perplexity-AI)
 
Notes
     The executive order issued by the White House follows.
(Begin Perplexity-AI)
 
“Keeping Men Out of Women’s Sports”

“Keeping Men Out of Women’s Sports” is an executive order (EO 14201) signed by President Donald Trump on February 5, 2025123. This order aims to prohibit transgender women and girls from participating in female sports across all educational levels that receive federal funding23.

Key aspects of the executive order include:

  1. It relies on definitions of “sex,” “male,” and “female” from a previous executive order (EO 14168), which defines these terms based on biological sex at conception1.

  2. The order threatens to rescind federal funding from educational institutions that allow transgender women to compete in women’s sports, claiming such allowances violate Title IX34.

  3. It directs the U.S. Secretary of Education to take actions to protect “all-female athletic opportunities and all-female locker rooms” in accordance with Title IX14.

  4. The order prioritizes enforcement actions against institutions that require female students to compete against or appear unclothed before males15.

In response to this executive order:

  • The NCAA revised its participation policy for transgender student-athletes, limiting college competitions in women’s sports to athletes assigned female at birth23.

  • The Department of Education began reviewing athletics policies of universities and athletic associations that supported transgender women’s participation in female sports2.

  • Some state-level organizations, such as the California Interscholastic Federation, stated they would continue to follow state law and allow trans athletes to play high school sports despite the executive order3.

This executive order has sparked debate and legal challenges, with supporters arguing it protects women’s sports and opponents claiming it discriminates against transgender individuals245.

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/keeping-men-out-of-womens-spor-zVjowDy2Tsenn_M_7BNmsA

(End Perplexity-AI)

Afterword
     President Richard Nixon, the 37th president of the United States, signed Title IX into law on 23 June 1972.

Ukraine and The Rubio Doctrine

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Rubio in Riyadh for talks on Trump's controversial Gaza plan, UkraineBORDERLANDS

V.25, I.03.01.25

Ukraine and The Rubio Doctrine

Introduction

     “Critics argued that The Rubio Doctrine lacked specificity and failed to address the complexities of current global challenges.” In the first synthetic intelligence (AI) query below, this was the return. The purpose of this report is to test the secretary’s three core principles against the Ukraine conflict to see if they are viable and would have been if he became president in the 2015 election.

Methodology

     The same format as previous will be used: a.] a social media post where applicable (not included here); b.] Capsules containing the artificial intelligence query enclosed in (Begin Perplexity) and (End Perplexity-A) with the link included; c.] Notes to evaluate, clarify, refute, confirm and determine the authorial intent of the AI; d.] Congressional Record; e.] Media related to the recovery process contained in the narrative.

Capsules

(Begin Perplexity-AI)

what is the rubio doctrine of 2015

The Rubio Doctrine, unveiled by Senator Marco Rubio in May 2015 during his presidential campaign, consists of three main pillars12:

  1. American Strength: Rubio emphasized the need to adequately fund the military and strengthen intelligence agencies, even during times of peace and stability12. He advocated for extending Section 215 of the Patriot Act to enhance national security1.

  2. Protection of the American Economy in a Globalized World: Rubio stressed the importance of international trade for job growth and called for Congress to grant Trade Promotion Authority to the President12. He argued that free trade is crucial for America’s economic interests and global influence5.

  3. Moral Clarity Regarding America’s Core Values: Rubio promoted the idea of America as a global leader with “superior aims” rather than just superior arms1. He emphasized supporting the spread of economic and political freedom, reinforcing alliances, and advancing the rights of vulnerable populations worldwide24.

Rubio presented this doctrine as a vision for American leadership in the 21st century, aiming to “restore America’s status as a nation that shapes global events rather than one that is shaped by them”4. However, critics argued that the Rubio Doctrine lacked specificity and failed to address the complexities of current global challenges35. Some viewed it as a repackaging of traditional Republican foreign policy ideas rather than a novel approach to international relations57

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/what-is-the-rubio-doctrine-of-FrsyW2GkRpexsn9JyhgkNA

the rubio lavrov summit in riyadh

The Rubio-Lavrov summit in Riyadh, held on February 18, 2025, marked a significant diplomatic event between the United States and Russia12. U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov led their respective delegations in discussions that lasted over four hours2.

Key Outcomes

  1. Diplomatic Relations: Both countries agreed to restore staffing at their embassies in Washington and Moscow, aiming to normalize diplomatic relations24.

  2. Ukraine Peace Talks: The summit laid the groundwork for future negotiations to end the war in Ukraine. High-level teams will be appointed to discuss peace terms24.

  3. Bilateral Cooperation: The U.S. and Russia agreed to explore future geopolitical and economic cooperation2.

  4.  Potential Putin-Trump Meeting: The summit paved the way for a possible meeting between Russian President Vladimir Putin and U.S. President Donald Trump12.

Notable Aspects

  • The summit was held without Ukrainian or European representation, which raised concerns from Ukraine3.

  • It represented the most extensive diplomatic engagement between the U.S. and Russia since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 20221.

  • The meeting followed a phone call between Trump and Putin on February 12, 2025, where they agreed to begin negotiations to end the war in Ukraine1.

Reactions

  • Rubio described the talks as “the first step of a long and difficult journey”2.

  • Lavrov called the meeting “very useful” and expressed Russia’s intention to appoint a special envoy soon2.

  • Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy voiced concerns about Ukraine’s exclusion from the talks3.

The Riyadh summit signifies a major shift in U.S. foreign policy towards Russia under the Trump administration, potentially altering the dynamics of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine14.

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/the-rubio-lavrov-summit-in-riy-nqQa.9PDT1qzjGvdK4Z6jw

ukraine and the rubio doctrine

The Rubio Doctrine, as it pertains to Ukraine, represents a shift in U.S. foreign policy under the Trump administration, focusing on economic interests and negotiated settlements rather than continued military support17.

Key Elements of the Rubio Doctrine

  1. Economic Interests: Secretary of State Marco Rubio has proposed partnering with Ukraine for mineral rights and natural resources as a way to recoup U.S. war funding costs1. This approach aims to secure long-term economic benefits for the U.S. while supporting Ukraine’s independence.

  2. Peace Negotiations: Rubio is actively pursuing peace talks with Russia, emphasizing the need for Ukraine and European allies to be involved in any “real” negotiations2. However, initial meetings between Rubio and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov are taking place without Ukrainian representation3.

  3. Reduced Military Aid: The doctrine suggests a move away from extensive military support, with Rubio questioning or voting against past U.S. aid packages for Ukraine4.

Challenges and Criticisms: 

  • President Volodymyr Zelensky has expressed that any peace agreement without Ukraine’s participation is unacceptable2. There are also accusations that Zelensky is trying to “hustle” the U.S. in peace talks and rare earth deals8.

  • Diplomatic Imbalance: Critics argue that Rubio’s limited diplomatic experience compared to his Russian counterparts may put the U.S. at a disadvantage in negotiations3.

  • Historic Parallels: Some observers draw parallels between the current situation and previous Trump-era agreements, such as the Doha Agreement with the Taliban, where allies were excluded from negotiations3.

Potential Outcomes: 

The success of the Rubio Doctrine in Ukraine remains uncertain. While it aims to secure economic benefits and end the conflict, it risks alienating Ukrainian leadership and European allies. The coming weeks will be crucial in determining whether this approach can lead to a lasting resolution or further complications in the region23

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/ukraine-and-the-rubio-doctrine-5X_DknAYRQuNYUil0KLOqg

the rubio doctrine on ukraine

The Rubio Doctrine on Ukraine, as it has emerged in recent months, focuses on achieving a negotiated settlement to end the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. This approach represents a shift in U.S. policy towards the region under the Trump administration.

Key Elements of the Rubio Doctrine: 

  1. Negotiated Settlement: Rubio believes that a negotiated peace is the only realistic way to end the war, which he views as having reached a stalemate2. He emphasizes the need for a “fair, enduring, sustainable and acceptable” solution for all parties involved1.

  2. Direct U.S. Involvements: As Secretary of State, Rubio has taken a leading role in diplomatic efforts, engaging in high-level talks with Russian officials to explore peace possibilities14.

  3. Concessions from Both Sides: Rubio acknowledges that both Moscow and Kyiv will need to make concessions to achieve peace1. This suggests a departure from previous hardline stances against Russian aggression.

  4. Focus on Territorial and Security Issues: Negotiations are expected to center on territorial disputes and security guarantees for both Ukraine and Russia1.

  5. Skepticism of Continued Military Aid: Rubio has expressed concern about the effectiveness of large-scale military aid to Ukraine, voting against a $95 billion aid package in April 20242.

  6. Prioritizing China as a Long-Term Threat: While addressing the Ukraine conflict, Rubio views China as a more significant long-term challenge to U.S. interests2.

Diplomatic Approach: 

Rubio’s diplomatic strategy includes:

  • Engaging in direct talks with Russian officials, such as the recent meeting with Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov in Saudi Arabia14.

  • Supporting President Trump’s efforts to negotiate with Russian President Vladimir Putin34.

  • Emphasizing the need for a “trust but verify” approach in dealing with Russia3.

Challenges and Criticisms: 

The Rubio Doctrine faces several challenges:

  1. Ukranian Concerns: President Zelenskyy has objected to being excluded from some negotiations and remains skeptical of Russian intentions13.

  2. Balancing Act: Rubio must navigate between Trump’s desire for a deal and the complexities of the conflict, including Putin’s trustworthiness34.

  3. European Allies: There are differing views among European partners on the timeline and approach to ending the war3.

  4. Domestic Politics: Rubio’s approach may face criticism from those who advocate for a more hardline stance against Russia.

In conclusion, the Rubio Doctrine on Ukraine represents a pragmatic shift towards negotiation and compromise, prioritizing an end to the conflict over a decisive military victory for either side. This approach aligns with the Trump administration’s foreign policy goals but faces significant challenges in implementation and acceptance by all parties involved.

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/the-rubio-doctrine-on-ukraine-vifJcwkMTb.vZn8IBCHWeQ

key concessions for ukraine and russia to end the war

Based on recent developments and statements from key leaders, the potential concessions for Ukraine and Russia to end the war appear to be:

For Ukraine

  1. Abandoning NATO membership aspirations25

  2. Accepting a neutral status with security guarantees from European allies3

  3. Potentially ceding control of some currently occupied territories38

  4. Postponing plans for NATO membership for an extended period3

For Russia

  1. Withdrawing troops from at least some occupied Ukrainian territories3

  2. Agreeing to prosecution of war crimes3

  3. Accepting some form of international oversight for nuclear safety, particularly regarding the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant3

  4. Making concessions, though the specific nature is unclear according to US President Trump5

It’s important to note that these potential concessions are highly contentious and subject to ongoing negotiations. Ukrainian President Zelenskyy has previously stated he would not agree to a ceasefire that freezes the conflict while Russia occupies Ukrainian territory3. Meanwhile, Russian President Putin has demanded that Ukraine surrender several large cities and over a million people to Russian control, including areas Russia does not currently occupy1.

The situation remains fluid, with both sides showing reluctance to make significant concessions. Any peace deal would likely require substantial compromises from both Ukraine and Russia, as well as involvement from international partners to provide security guarantees and oversee implementation.

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/key-concessions-for-ukraine-an-5cfmCiDqRSeJGOfVRFus3A

what is the role of the ukraine mineral rights deal in ending the conflict

The Ukraine mineral rights deal with the United States plays a complex role in the ongoing conflict, but its impact on ending the war remains uncertain. Here are the key aspects of the deal’s potential influence:

Economic Incentives

The agreement gives the U.S. access to Ukraine’s valuable mineral resources, potentially worth up to $1 trillion according to President Trump6. This economic incentive is designed to strengthen U.S.-Ukraine relations and potentially secure continued American support for Ukraine in the conflict8.

Security Implications

While Ukraine sought security guarantees as part of the deal, the current draft does not explicitly include them5. However, the agreement does express U.S. support for Ukraine’s efforts to obtain security assurances necessary for establishing lasting peace5. This could potentially lead to further negotiations on security matters.

Diplomatic Maneuvering

The deal appears to be an attempt by Ukraine to garner backing from the U.S. administration amid concerns about Washington’s engagement with Moscow to resolve the conflict6. By giving the U.S. a financial stake in Ukraine’s future, Kyiv hopes to incentivize American protection in case hostilities with Russia resume after a potential ceasefire3.

Reconstruction and Investment

The agreement includes the establishment of an “investment fund” for Ukraine’s reconstruction, with both countries overseeing it on equal terms3. This could contribute to Ukraine’s post-war recovery and stability, potentially helping to address some of the underlying economic issues fueling the conflict.

Geopolitical Considerations

The deal has raised concerns among European allies about the potential for Ukraine and its European partners to be sidelined in negotiations aimed at resolving the conflict2. This highlights the complex geopolitical dynamics at play and the potential for the mineral rights agreement to influence broader diplomatic efforts to end the war.

While the mineral rights deal is a significant development in U.S.-Ukraine relations, its direct impact on ending the conflict remains to be seen. The agreement’s effectiveness in promoting peace will likely depend on how it influences broader diplomatic, economic, and security dynamics in the region.

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/what-is-the-role-of-the-ukrain-9iOqeqTlSWKbgyy9Tbmp.Q

how does the ukraine mineral rights deal fit into the rubio doctrine

The Ukraine mineral rights deal aligns with several aspects of the Rubio Doctrine, although it’s important to note that the Rubio Doctrine was articulated in 2015, while the mineral rights deal is a more recent development in 202536.

Alignment with Rubio Doctrine Pillars

  1. American Strength: The deal supports this pillar by potentially providing the U.S. with access to critical minerals, which are essential for advanced technologies and military applications4. This aligns with Rubio’s call to “adequately fund our military” and maintain American strength3.

  2. Protection of the American Economy: The agreement establishes a reconstruction investment fund with joint U.S. and Ukraine ownership, which could be seen as pursuing “free trade” and economic partnerships1. This fits with Rubio’s emphasis on protecting the American economy in a globalized world6.

  3.  Clarity Involving America’s Core Values: The deal can be interpreted as supporting a smaller ally (Ukraine) against a larger power (Russia), which aligns with Rubio’s stated goal of “resisting efforts by large powers to subjugate their smaller neighbors”3.

Additional Considerations: 

The mineral rights deal also reflects Rubio’s more recent statements as Secretary of State in 2025. He emphasized the importance of having an “ongoing economic interest” in Ukraine to anchor its long-term independence4. This approach of using economic ties to strengthen geopolitical relationships is consistent with the broader themes of the Rubio Doctrine.

However, it’s worth noting that the specifics of the deal, such as the creation of a joint investment fund and the sharing of revenues15, go beyond the general principles outlined in the original Rubio Doctrine. This suggests an evolution in policy approach while maintaining the core tenets of American strength, economic protection, and support for allies.

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/how-does-the-ukraine-mineral-r-n1hOf2jSTCecy7Hwy4MUfQ

secretary of state rubio should have had a bigger role in the president’s oval office meeting with zelensky

Secretary of State Marco Rubio did not have a direct role in the recent Oval Office meeting between President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky. However, Rubio has been vocal about the outcome of this meeting, which he described as a “debacle”14.

As Secretary of State, Rubio’s primary responsibilities include advising the President on foreign policy matters and managing international relations6. While he wasn’t present at the meeting, his comments suggest he believes the interaction could have been handled differently.

Rubio criticized Zelensky’s approach, stating that there was no need for the Ukrainian leader to be antagonistic4. He even suggested that Zelensky should apologize for how the meeting unfolded17. This indicates that Rubio, as the top U.S. diplomat, might have preferred a more diplomatic approach to the discussions.

Given Rubio’s role and expertise in foreign affairs, it’s possible that his involvement could have potentially helped facilitate a more productive dialogue. However, it’s important to note that the final decision on who attends such high-level meetings ultimately rests with the President.

Rubio’s comments following the meeting highlight the delicate balance he must maintain between supporting the President’s policies and upholding traditional diplomatic norms8. As Secretary of State, Rubio is tasked with promoting Trump’s unconventional international strategy while also managing complex global relationships8.

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/secretary-of-state-rubio-shoul-r_dvyujPSRazqF1bJ4dLzQ

summarize the ukraine rubio doctrine of 2015

The Rubio Doctrine of 2015, as it relates to Ukraine, consisted of three main pillars:

  1. American Strength: Rubio emphasized the need for adequate military funding, even during peacetime, to maintain a strong defense posture7.

  2. Protection of the American Economy: He stressed the importance of responding to any nation, including Russia, that attempts to block global commerce7.

  3. Moral Clarity: Rubio advocated for clarity regarding America’s core values in foreign policy7.

Specifically regarding Ukraine, Rubio’s stance in 2015 included:

  • Supporting U.S. alliances, particularly NATO, while calling for increased defense spending by European members5.

  • Willingness to risk conflict with Russia to defend NATO allies, such as Turkey4.

  • Advocating for a strong response to Russia’s actions in Ukraine, including sanctions on Russian banks and Putin himself, cutting off Russian banks from SWIFT, and providing lethal assistance to Ukraine1.

However, it’s important to note that Rubio’s position on Ukraine has evolved since 2015. More recently, he has supported negotiation and ending the war rather than providing Ukraine with all the resources needed to fully reclaim its territory25

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/summarize-the-ukraine-rubio-do-_bZ7vnLcSFuaYf3d5QGKcA

how do the 3 points of the 2015 rubio doctrine fit into a peace plan for ukraine

The three pillars of Marco Rubio’s 2015 foreign policy doctrine can be seen as influencing the current approach to a peace plan for Ukraine, albeit with some modifications to fit the current context:

  1. American Strength: In 2015, Rubio emphasized adequately funding the military4. In the current Ukraine peace plan context, this translates to leveraging American diplomatic and economic strength. Rubio now advocates for “bold diplomacy” to end the war in Ukraine5, suggesting a shift from military to diplomatic power projection.

  2. Protection of the American Economy in a Globalized World: Rubio’s 2015 doctrine stressed opposing violations of international waters, airspace, and cyberspace4. In the current Ukraine situation, this principle is reflected in the emphasis on ending the war to mitigate its global economic impact. Rubio has noted the extensive destruction in Ukraine and its implications for rebuilding, which affects global economic stability5.

  3. Moral Clarity Regarding America’s Core Values: In 2015, Rubio stressed the importance of America’s “superior aims” and advancing rights of vulnerable groups4. In the current peace plan discussions, this principle is evident in Rubio’s call for “realistic” negotiations, which may involve concessions from both Russia and Ukraine5. This approach suggests a pragmatic interpretation of moral clarity, balancing ideals with achievable outcomes.

These principles are now being applied in a more nuanced manner, with Rubio advocating for a ceasefire and potential concessions from both sides to achieve peace in Ukraine5. The focus has shifted from a more interventionist stance to one that prioritizes diplomatic solutions and recognizes the complex realities of the conflict.

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/how-do-the-3-points-of-the-201-b2MRYFFCTp2rM_AtUh_e3w

(End Perplexity-AI)

Notes

  The secretary’s ambitious plan to stop the war and its carnage was no clearer than his CNN interview following the disastrous meeting with Ukraine’s president in the Oval Office. What’s strange about the overall conduct of the meeting, was the Vice President, having little or even no direct state as a mediator in minerals deal or peace plan, chose to create, or at least create an uneasy climate in the Oval Office that led to the shouting match, televised worldwide in real time. If there was an opportunity to display skills as a negotiator, Secretary Rubio passed on it.

Afterword

     Currently, the only plan to end the war balances on the high-wire act of getting both leaders, of Russia and Ukraine, at the same table to at least acknowledge they have a serious problem. Secretary Rubio made it clear that a ceasefire isn’t the solution, only a lasting peace. At the moment, there doesn’t appear to be more of a plan other than that.

     Perhaps, Secretary Rubio’s three points, American resolve through strength, America’s stake at what happens next to the world economy if the war continues, and at all costs, moral clarity regarding the human cost of the war, might indeed be the pillars necessary to secure peace.