Introduction
The purpose of this recitation was to use serial communication in order to communicate between processing and arduino with more than one variable.
Etch-a-sketch
We were tasked with creating an etch-a-sketch using values taken from potentiometers on arduino then translating it to a line being drawn on processing. I first started by creating a code on processing in which I could draw a line using my mouse, and clear the line by pressing the enter key.
stroke(100);
strokeWeight(4);
line(mouseX,mouseY,pmouseX,pmouseY);
if (keyPressed) {
if (key == ENTER) {
background(200);
Afterwards, I created a circuit on arduino with two potentiometers, and created code in order to print the values of both the potentiometers.
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
int sensor1 = analogRead(A0);
int sensor2 = analogRead(A1);
Serial.print(sensor1);
Serial.print(",");
Serial.print(sensor2);
Serial.println();
delay(100);
}
After creating the two separate codes, I used the serial communication template for communication between arduino to processing. I had to tweak the values on the line() function so that instead of reading the x and y values from the mouse in order to draw the line, the values from the potentiometers on arduino were used instead.
// IMA NYU Shanghai
// Interaction Lab
// For receiving multiple values from Arduino to Processing
/*
* Based on the readStringUntil() example by Tom Igoe
* https://processing.org/reference/libraries/serial/Serial_readStringUntil_.html
*/
import processing.serial.*;
String myString = null;
Serial myPort;
int NUM_OF_VALUES = 2; /** YOU MUST CHANGE THIS ACCORDING TO YOUR PROJECT **/
int[] sensorValues; /** this array stores values from Arduino **/
int previousSensorValues1;
int previousSensorValues2;
void setup() {
size(1023, 1023);
background(200);
setupSerial();
}
void draw() {
updateSerial();
printArray(sensorValues);
stroke(100);
strokeWeight(4);
line(previousSensorValues1,previousSensorValues2,sensorValues[0],sensorValues[1]);
previousSensorValues1 = sensorValues[0];
previousSensorValues2 = sensorValues[1];
if (keyPressed) {
if (key == ENTER) {
background(200);
}
}
}
void setupSerial() {
printArray(Serial.list());
myPort = new Serial(this, Serial.list()[7], 9600);
// WARNING!
// You will definitely get an error here.
// Change the PORT_INDEX to 0 and try running it again.
// And then, check the list of the ports,
// find the port "/dev/cu.usbmodem----" or "/dev/tty.usbmodem----"
// and replace PORT_INDEX above with the index number of the port.
myPort.clear();
// Throw out the first reading,
// in case we started reading in the middle of a string from the sender.
myString = myPort.readStringUntil( 10 ); // 10 = '\n' Linefeed in ASCII
myString = null;
sensorValues = new int[NUM_OF_VALUES];
}
void updateSerial() {
while (myPort.available() > 0) {
myString = myPort.readStringUntil( 10 ); // 10 = '\n' Linefeed in ASCII
if (myString != null) {
String[] serialInArray = split(trim(myString), ",");
if (serialInArray.length == NUM_OF_VALUES) {
for (int i=0; i<serialInArray.length; i++) {
sensorValues[i] = int(serialInArray[i]);
}
}
}
}
}
Musical Instrument
The coding for the second task was a little more straightforward. I started with the arduino coding and creating the circuit. Using the serial communication template, I created the code so that if the value of an array sent from processing was 1, then a tone would play from the pitches.h file, and if the the value was 0, then nothing would play. From processing, if the mouse were clicked, then a value of 1 would be sent.
// IMA NYU Shanghai
// Interaction Lab
/**
This example is to send multiple values from Processing to Arduino.
You can find the Processing example file in the same folder which works with this Arduino file.
Please note that the echo case (when char c is 'e' in the getSerialData function below)
checks if Arduino is receiving the correct bytes from the Processing sketch
by sending the values array back to the Processing sketch.
**/
#define NUM_OF_VALUES 2 /** YOU MUST CHANGE THIS ACCORDING TO YOUR PROJECT **/
#include "pitches.h"
/** DO NOT REMOVE THESE **/
int tempValue = 0;
int valueIndex = 0;
/* This is the array of values storing the data from Processing. */
int values[NUM_OF_VALUES];
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(10, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
getSerialData();
// add your code here
// use elements in the values array
// values[0]
// values[1]
if (values[0] == 1) {
tone(10, values[1]);
}
else {
noTone(10);
}
}
//recieve serial data from Processing
void getSerialData() {
if (Serial.available()) {
char c = Serial.read();
//switch - case checks the value of the variable in the switch function
//in this case, the char c, then runs one of the cases that fit the value of the variable
//for more information, visit the reference page: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/SwitchCase
switch (c) {
//if the char c from Processing is a number between 0 and 9
case '0'...'9':
//save the value of char c to tempValue
//but simultaneously rearrange the existing values saved in tempValue
//for the digits received through char c to remain coherent
//if this does not make sense and would like to know more, send an email to me!
tempValue = tempValue * 10 + c - '0';
break;
//if the char c from Processing is a comma
//indicating that the following values of char c is for the next element in the values array
case ',':
values[valueIndex] = tempValue;
//reset tempValue value
tempValue = 0;
//increment valuesIndex by 1
valueIndex++;
break;
//if the char c from Processing is character 'n'
//which signals that it is the end of data
case 'n':
//save the tempValue
//this will b the last element in the values array
values[valueIndex] = tempValue;
//reset tempValue and valueIndex values
//to clear out the values array for the next round of readings from Processing
tempValue = 0;
valueIndex = 0;
break;
//if the char c from Processing is character 'e'
//it is signalling for the Arduino to send Processing the elements saved in the values array
//this case is triggered and processed by the echoSerialData function in the Processing sketch
case 'e': // to echo
for (int i = 0; i < NUM_OF_VALUES; i++) {
Serial.print(values[i]);
if (i < NUM_OF_VALUES - 1) {
Serial.print(',');
}
else {
Serial.println();
}
}
break;
}
}
}
I then went to make the processing code. I made it so that if the mouse was pressed, the x value of the mouse would be recorded and sent to arduino in order to play a pitch corresponding to that x value.
// IMA NYU Shanghai
// Interaction Lab
/**
* This example is to send multiple values from Processing to Arduino.
* You can find the arduino example file in the same folder which works with this Processing file.
* Please note that the echoSerialData function asks Arduino to send the data saved in the values array
* to check if it is receiving the correct bytes.
**/
import processing.serial.*;
int NUM_OF_VALUES = 2; /** YOU MUST CHANGE THIS ACCORDING TO YOUR PROJECT **/
Serial myPort;
String myString;
// This is the array of values you might want to send to Arduino.
int values[] = new int[NUM_OF_VALUES];
void setup() {
size(500, 500);
background(0);
printArray(Serial.list());
myPort = new Serial(this, Serial.list()[7], 9600);
// check the list of the ports,
// find the port "/dev/cu.usbmodem----" or "/dev/tty.usbmodem----"
// and replace PORT_INDEX above with the index of the port
myPort.clear();
// Throw out the first reading,
// in case we started reading in the middle of a string from the sender.
myString = myPort.readStringUntil( 10 ); // 10 = '\n' Linefeed in ASCII
myString = null;
}
void draw() {
background(0);
if (mousePressed) {
values[0] = 1;
}
else {
values[0] = 0;
}
values [1] = mouseX;
// sends the values to Arduino.
sendSerialData();
// This causess the communication to become slow and unstable.
// You might want to comment this out when everything is ready.
// The parameter 200 is the frequency of echoing.
// The higher this number, the slower the program will be
// but the higher this number, the more stable it will be.
echoSerialData(200);
}
void sendSerialData() {
String data = "";
for (int i=0; i<values.length; i++) {
data += values[i];
//if i is less than the index number of the last element in the values array
if (i < values.length-1) {
data += ","; // add splitter character "," between each values element
}
//if it is the last element in the values array
else {
data += "n"; // add the end of data character "n"
}
}
//write to Arduino
myPort.write(data);
}
void echoSerialData(int frequency) {
//write character 'e' at the given frequency
//to request Arduino to send back the values array
if (frameCount % frequency == 0) myPort.write('e');
String incomingBytes = "";
while (myPort.available() > 0) {
//add on all the characters received from the Arduino to the incomingBytes string
incomingBytes += char(myPort.read());
}
//print what Arduino sent back to Processing
print( incomingBytes );
}