For this recitation, we implemented what we learned in lecture about Arduino and Processing communication, but for recitation we experimented with multiple values to broaden our range of Arduino and Processing interaction. This recitation taught me how software values translate to hardware values and vice versa.
Exercise 1: Etch a Sketch
This exercise showed me how Arduino values translate to Processing. For this exercise I had the hardest part understanding what values to plug into the ellipse() function. I understood that I had to use the map() for the x and y values, but after putting in the sensor readings, I didn’t know the other numbers needed in the range. After talking with a fellow, I understood then that the range can be found out by opening the Arduino Serial Monitor and seeing the range the Potentiometer goes to. Secondly, I accidentally deleted Serial.println() which I learned was really important to how the processing understands the ASCII line values Arduino sends to it. After I fixed both the code ended up working.
Here is the code below:
Arduino:
// IMA NYU Shanghai
// Interaction Lab
// For sending multiple values from Arduino to Processing
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
int sensor1 = analogRead(A0);
// int sensor2 = analogRead(A1);
int sensor2 = analogRead(A2);
// keep this format
Serial.print(sensor1);
Serial.print(“,”); // put comma between sensor values
Serial.print(sensor2);
// Serial.print(“,”);
// Serial.print(sensor3);
Serial.println(); // add linefeed after sending the last sensor value
// too fast communication might cause some latency in Processing
// this delay resolves the issue.
delay(100);
}
Processing:
// IMA NYU Shanghai
// Interaction Lab
// For receiving multiple values from Arduino to Processing
/*
* Based on the readStringUntil() example by Tom Igoe
* https://processing.org/reference/libraries/serial/Serial_readStringUntil_.html
*/
import processing.serial.*;
String myString = null;
Serial myPort;
int NUM_OF_VALUES = 2; /** YOU MUST CHANGE THIS ACCORDING TO YOUR PROJECT **/
int[] sensorValues; /** this array stores values from Arduino **/
void setup() {
size(1000, 1000);
background(0);
setupSerial();
}
void draw() {
updateSerial();
printArray(sensorValues);
// use the values like this!
// sensorValues[0]
// add your code
background(255);
fill(0);
ellipse(map(sensorValues[0],0,1023,0,width),map(sensorValues[1],0,1023,0,height), 100,100);
printArray(sensorValues);
//
}
void setupSerial() {
printArray(Serial.list());
myPort = new Serial(this, Serial.list()[ 0 ], 9600);
// WARNING!
// You will definitely get an error here.
// Change the PORT_INDEX to 0 and try running it again.
// And then, check the list of the ports,
// find the port “/dev/cu.usbmodem—-” or “/dev/tty.usbmodem—-”
// and replace PORT_INDEX above with the index number of the port.
myPort.clear();
// Throw out the first reading,
// in case we started reading in the middle of a string from the sender.
myString = myPort.readStringUntil( 10 ); // 10 = ‘\n’ Linefeed in ASCII
myString = null;
sensorValues = new int[NUM_OF_VALUES];
}
void updateSerial() {
while (myPort.available() > 0) {
myString = myPort.readStringUntil( 10 ); // 10 = ‘\n’ Linefeed in ASCII
if (myString != null) {
String[] serialInArray = split(trim(myString), “,”);
if (serialInArray.length == NUM_OF_VALUES) {
for (int i=0; i<serialInArray.length; i++) {
sensorValues[i] = int(serialInArray[i]);
}
}
}
}
}
Here is the video attached below:
Here is the circuit:
Exercise 2: Musical Instrument
This one was relatively easier than the first exercise, because since I used ToneMelody a lot the code and the function that makes it work made a lot of sense to me. The problem was deciding whether or not it was the code that wasn’t working or the buzzer — I changed the values[0] and values [1] to reflect the mouse’s position, and I switched the buzzer out. Once I did that the code worked just fine. Here is the code:
Arduino:
// IMA NYU Shanghai
// Interaction Lab
/**
This example is to send multiple values from Processing to Arduino.
You can find the Processing example file in the same folder which works with this Arduino file.
Please note that the echo case (when char c is ‘e’ in the getSerialData function below)
checks if Arduino is receiving the correct bytes from the Processing sketch
by sending the values array back to the Processing sketch.
**/
#define NUM_OF_VALUES 2 /** YOU MUST CHANGE THIS ACCORDING TO YOUR PROJECT **/
/** DO NOT REMOVE THESE **/
int tempValue = 0;
int valueIndex = 0;
/* This is the array of values storing the data from Processing. */
int values[NUM_OF_VALUES];
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
//pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
getSerialData();
tone(13,values[0],values[1]);
}
// add your code here
// use elements in the values array
// values[0]
// values[1]
// if (values[0] == 1) {
// digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
// } else {
// digitalWrite(13, LOW);
// }
//
// if (values[1] == 1) {
// tone(9, values[2]);
// } else {
// noTone(9);
// }
//
//}
//recieve serial data from Processing
void getSerialData() {
if (Serial.available()) {
char c = Serial.read();
//switch – case checks the value of the variable in the switch function
//in this case, the char c, then runs one of the cases that fit the value of the variable
//for more information, visit the reference page: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/SwitchCase
switch (c) {
//if the char c from Processing is a number between 0 and 9
case ‘0’…’9′:
//save the value of char c to tempValue
//but simultaneously rearrange the existing values saved in tempValue
//for the digits received through char c to remain coherent
//if this does not make sense and would like to know more, send an email to me!
tempValue = tempValue * 10 + c – ‘0’;
break;
//if the char c from Processing is a comma
//indicating that the following values of char c is for the next element in the values array
case ‘,’:
values[valueIndex] = tempValue;
//reset tempValue value
tempValue = 0;
//increment valuesIndex by 1
valueIndex++;
break;
//if the char c from Processing is character ‘n’
//which signals that it is the end of data
case ‘n’:
//save the tempValue
//this will b the last element in the values array
values[valueIndex] = tempValue;
//reset tempValue and valueIndex values
//to clear out the values array for the next round of readings from Processing
tempValue = 0;
valueIndex = 0;
break;
//if the char c from Processing is character ‘e’
//it is signalling for the Arduino to send Processing the elements saved in the values array
//this case is triggered and processed by the echoSerialData function in the Processing sketch
case ‘e’: // to echo
for (int i = 0; i < NUM_OF_VALUES; i++) {
Serial.print(values[i]);
if (i < NUM_OF_VALUES – 1) {
Serial.print(‘,’);
}
else {
Serial.println();
}
}
break;
}
}
}
Processing
// IMA NYU Shanghai
// Interaction Lab
/**
* This example is to send multiple values from Processing to Arduino.
* You can find the arduino example file in the same folder which works with this Processing file.
* Please note that the echoSerialData function asks Arduino to send the data saved in the values array
* to check if it is receiving the correct bytes.
**/
import processing.serial.*;
int NUM_OF_VALUES = 2; /** YOU MUST CHANGE THIS ACCORDING TO YOUR PROJECT **/
Serial myPort;
String myString;
// This is the array of values you might want to send to Arduino.
int values[] = new int[NUM_OF_VALUES];
void setup() {
size(500, 500);
background(0);
printArray(Serial.list());
myPort = new Serial(this, Serial.list()[ 0 ], 9600);
// check the list of the ports,
// find the port “/dev/cu.usbmodem—-” or “/dev/tty.usbmodem—-”
// and replace PORT_INDEX above with the index of the port
myPort.clear();
// Throw out the first reading,
// in case we started reading in the middle of a string from the sender.
myString = myPort.readStringUntil( 10 ); // 10 = ‘\n’ Linefeed in ASCII
myString = null;
}
void draw() {
background(0);
// changes the values
values[0] = mouseX;
values[1] = mouseY;
// sends the values to Arduino.
sendSerialData();
// This causess the communication to become slow and unstable.
// You might want to comment this out when everything is ready.
// The parameter 200 is the frequency of echoing.
// The higher this number, the slower the program will be
// but the higher this number, the more stable it will be.
echoSerialData(200);
}
void sendSerialData() {
String data = “”;
for (int i=0; i<values.length; i++) {
data += values[i];
//if i is less than the index number of the last element in the values array
if (i < values.length-1) {
data += “,”; // add splitter character “,” between each values element
}
//if it is the last element in the values array
else {
data += “n”; // add the end of data character “n”
}
}
//write to Arduino
myPort.write(data);
}
void echoSerialData(int frequency) {
//write character ‘e’ at the given frequency
//to request Arduino to send back the values array
if (frameCount % frequency == 0) myPort.write(‘e’);
String incomingBytes = “”;
while (myPort.available() > 0) {
//add on all the characters received from the Arduino to the incomingBytes string
incomingBytes += char(myPort.read());
}
//print what Arduino sent back to Processing
print( incomingBytes );
}
Here is the video:
Here is the circuit:
