According to Wikipedia, gameplay is the specific way in which players interact with a game, and in particular with video games. Gameplay is the pattern defined through the game rules, connection between player and the game, challenges and overcoming them, plot and player’s connection with it. During our class discussion, overcoming challenges in a video game could be considered as a process of learning. From my perspective, this could be split into more detailed aspects.
I think the relationship between gameplay and learning is a complex and dynamic one. When designed thoughtfully, gameplay can be a powerful tool for facilitating learning and skill development across various domains.
1. Motivation and perseverance
Games have the ability to capture and maintain a player’s attention through engaging narratives, challenges, and rewards. The motivation to progress in a game often leads to increased persistence and a willingness to tackle difficult tasks or overcome obstacles, promoting a positive learning environment. In the article Growth, Grit, and Gaming: Video Games in Education which discuss how game-based learning engages students, improves academic outcomes, and helps to build grit and a growth mindset along the way, Dr. Angela Duckworth mentioned that “Video games can help students develop ‘grit’, or the passion and perseverance to work towards long-term goals”. She also argues that “students may need help from supportive others to become comfortable with facing, accepting, and learning from failure. Video games can play the role of the “supportive other” by incorporating positive messaging.”
2. Advanced skills
Games often require players to develop and apply a range of skills, such as problem-solving, strategic planning, and hand-eye coordination. The iterative nature of gameplay allows players to practice and refine their skills over time. For example, in the game CSGO, players engage in fast-paced, team-based combat scenarios that demand a combination of skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, strategic planning, and precise hand-eye coordination.
(a screenshot from the game CSGO)
The game presents players with dynamic environments, unpredictable enemy movements, and various mission objectives. To succeed, players must analyze the situation, identify enemy positions, and adapt their strategies on the fly. Problem-solving and critical thinking skills are essential for making split-second decisions, such as choosing the best route, selecting appropriate weapons, and responding to changing circumstances. Also, CSGO often involves team-based gameplay, requiring coordination and strategic planning with teammates. Players need to communicate effectively, formulate tactical plans, and execute them to achieve mission objectives. This strategic aspect of the game promotes collaboration and encourages players to think strategically about their actions within the context of the overall mission. Additionally, precision and accuracy are crucial in such a shooting game. Players must master aiming, shooting, and maneuvering with their characters. The hand-eye coordination required to accurately target opponents while navigating the game environment is a skill that players continuously refine through gameplay.
As players progress through the game, they learn from both successes and failures. Whether it’s a successful strategic maneuver, a well-aimed shot, or a mistake that led to defeat, each experience contributes to the player’s understanding of the game mechanics and their own abilities. The iterative process allows players to refine their skills over time, gradually improving their performance and becoming more adept at handling the challenges presented by the game.
3. Collaboration and social interact
Multiplayer and collaborative games encourage social interaction and teamwork. Players can learn to communicate effectively, collaborate with others, and develop interpersonal skills through shared gaming experiences. For example, the game Glory of Kings (王者荣耀), a popular 5v5 MOBA (Multiplayer Online Battle Arena) game, exemplifies the principles of collaboration and social interaction.
(a screenshot from the game Glory of Kings)
The core gameplay involves two teams of five players each, each controlling a unique hero with specific abilities. Success in battles requires effective coordination among team members. Players must work together to leverage their heroes’ strengths, respond to the opposing team’s actions, and strategically navigate the game map. This game features various team-based objectives, such as capturing strategic points, destroying enemy towers, and ultimately defeating the opposing team’s core structure. Achieving these objectives demands synchronized efforts and communication among team members. Players quickly learn that individual skills alone are not enough; collaboration is key to achieving success. Also, effective communication is crucial for victory in Glory of Kings. Players use in-game chat, voice communication, or predefined signals to convey information, coordinate movements, and plan strategies. This communication aspect not only enhances the gaming experience but also teaches players how to convey ideas concisely, listen to teammates, and make quick decisions as a group.
4. Creativity
Some games promote creativity and innovation by allowing players to explore, experiment, and create within the game world.
Games with open-ended design elements encourage players to think outside the box and find unique solutions to challenges. For example, the game Minecraft is known for its vast, open-ended world composed of blocks that players can mine and use to build structures. The game provides players with a blank canvas, encouraging them to explore, experiment, and create in a sandbox environment. The absence of a predefined narrative or strict objectives allows players to define their own goals and shape the world according to their imagination.
(screenshot from the game Minecraft)
The core mechanics of “Minecraft” involve gathering resources from the environment and using them to craft tools, weapons, and structures. Players can construct anything from simple houses to intricate castles, massive sculptures, or even functional machines. The ability to design and build encourages creativity, as players envision and bring to life their architectural ideas within the game. In the article Looking to Boost Your Child’s Creativity? Let Them Play Minecraft, the author also mentions that “Minecraft increases creativity because it puts the player behind the wheel. Unlike traditional video games, this one fosters children’s imaginations. Parents just need to make sure that they keep it that way, by letting their kids play freely.”
5. Cognitive development
Gameplay can enhance cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and spatial reasoning. Certain games, especially puzzle or strategy games, stimulate mental processes and contribute to cognitive development.
In conclusion, the intricate relationship between gameplay and learning is evident in the multifaceted ways games contribute to cognitive, social, and skill development. Overall, thoughtful game design has the potential to be a powerful educational tool, providing immersive learning experiences across diverse domains.
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