During the last days of June, much of the East Coast experienced an extreme heatwave, bringing some of the highest temperatures felt in a decade. Over 150 million people were under heat warnings, including those in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, where temperatures reached over 100 degrees. The oppressive high temperatures can cause a dangerous heat dome, which occurs when a large area of high pressure builds over a region for several days. This heatwave is expected to be one of many facing much of the U.S. this summer, according to the Climate Prediction Center.
The heat averaged 15 to 20 degrees hotter than typical for June, causing extreme heat risk throughout the region. Boston’s heat reached 102 degrees, setting a new record for the month, and Philadelphia marked its first 100-degree day since 2012, also setting the record for the hottest day in early summer. The heat caused transportation disruptions across the East Coast, including Amtrak train stalls and cancellations, as well as parts of Wisconsin roads buckling under the extreme temperatures.
Intense heat is one of the deadliest forms of extreme weather conditions the U.S. faces in the time of climate change. Globally, heat waves are becoming more frequent as well. Nighttime temperatures, in particular, are staying higher than usual, warming faster than daytime highs. Climate change is expected to increase heat index levels by 50% to 100% in the tropics and subtropics by the end of the century. After being considered a humid continental climate, New York City is not classified as a humid subtropical climate, foreshadowing the high temperatures to come.
During last week’s extreme heat, the New York City Department of Social Services issued a Code Red Alert, notifying homeless individuals and others in need that cooling shelters are available. The city emphasized the heat-related health threats facing vulnerable populations, including residents over 60, young children, those with pre-existing health conditions such as heart or lung disease, and those with cognitive impairments. Those without air conditioning are encouraged to find NYC Cooling Centers to stay safe.
Staying safe during a heat advisory is crucial. Excessive heat, defined by high temperatures and intense humidity that persists for at least two days, can cause heat stroke, which can result in death in the more extreme cases. Heat stroke symptoms include a headache, a rise in body temperature to above 103°, nausea or vomiting, a rapid heartbeat, and possible confusion and loss of consciousness.
To protect yourself from the heat, it’s essential to avoid strenuous activities, drink plenty of water (even when you’re not thirsty), minimize direct sun exposure, and stay in the coolest place possible, whether that’s indoors or in the shade.
By Jamie Epstein