Category: Guest Work

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Catherine Martinez, Dalanda Jallow, Anika Nayak, and Mia Tran’s Disaster Plan: Oil Spills in Venezuela

Oil spill

Introduction: Venezuela is a country in northern South America that borders both the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, as well as the neighboring countries of Colombia, Brazil, and Guyana. The country has a long history of oil production dating back to the early twentieth century, and its petroleum wealth has played a central role in its modern economic development. Venezuela’s oil reserves are distributed across several regions, including the Orinoco Delta and offshore areas, the eastern Llanos, the states of Guárico, Anzoátegui, and Monagas, the Lake Maracaibo Lowlands in Zulia state, and the western Llanos in the states of Barinas and Apure. The country holds approximately 298–300 billion barrels of proven oil reserves and an estimated 513 billion barrels of recoverable oil, primarily heavy, sour crude concentrated in the Orinoco Belt. Recent data indicate that Venezuela produces on the order of 892,000 barrels of crude oil per day, with production levels fluctuating around this range in recent years.

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Jose Flores Hernandez, Lawrence Mfutso, Oluwadunsin Jenrola, and Berkeley Sanchez’s Disaster Plan: Hurricanes in Coastal Areas of Mexico

Hurricane overview
Satellite view. Hurricane Florence over the Atlantics close to the US coast . Elements of this image furnished by NASA.

Introduction: Mexico’s coastal regions face recurring threats from hurricanes and storms, which have intensified in both frequency and severity in recent years due to ongoing climate change. The country’s long coastline along both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans makes it particularly vulnerable to these natural hazards. According to analyses informed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the North Atlantic has experienced an increase in the proportion and intensity of Category 4 and 5 hurricanes over recent decades, a trend linked in part to rising sea surface temperatures.

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Marsha Williams, Catherine Martinez, Yashvee Shah, Zuha Baig, Berkeley Sanchez, and Jose Flores Hernandez’s Disaster Plan: Hurricanes in the Caribbean Region

Introduction: Haiti is located on the western third of the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and the Caribbean Sea to the south. Its mountainous terrain, densely populated urban centers, and widespread coastal settlements make it exceptionally vulnerable to hurricanes and other hydrometeorological hazards. Sharing the region’s exposure to intense tropical cyclones, heavy rainfall, storm surges, and flooding, Haiti has experienced events that have historically caused devastating human and economic losses

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