Tag: truth

Observations on Interconnections

A work of art, journalism, literature cannot exist without the presence of a viewer. Much of this entire course has been about being the viewer, bringing how we feel and what we know to a photograph, a representation of a single moment in time. A photograph is not the equivalent of truth; a photograph is also a form of portrayal and manifestation of someone’s perception of reality.

In other words, the topics we have discussed throughout this semester seem to be joined by a common thread, an idea iterated by Susan Sontag: a picture is not worth a thousand words. Without context and explanation, a photo can be interpreted to mean anything.

I remember a comment by Ben, while we were examining photos from (I believe) Telex Iran, in which he questioned whether we were perhaps trying a little too hard to find symbolic meaning in these photos. He rightfully shed light on the blurred line between deriving meaning and validating our own interpretations. When do our own opinions become too much? How far should we go in reach for the context of the situation? Where is the line between photography as an art form and photography as documentary evidence? Are documentary photographers not supposed express themselves in their documentations of truth and history?

While I may not have the answers to those questions, I hold onto the lens of Susan Sontag, the mysterious, ambiguous multidisciplinary power of photography. In the questions above, if we seek simple answers, then we underestimate, demarcate the breadth of photography and what we can do. If we draw lines and form cookie-cutter dimensions to the multiple facets of photography, we will only limit its capabilities and potentials to take on different forms–as art, as documentation, as fashion, as entertainment, etc.

Themes/debates we have discussed so far…

Here’s a running list of themes/issues/debates we have touched on in class…
• Art versus journalism
• Photographer’s responsibilities to subject?
• The decisive moment…accidental or purposefully caught?
• Is there a duty for the public to be informed of the news? If so, how much of the news?
• What gets covered, and how does “saleability” factor in? That is, which news sells? And why? (racial, economic, class, other factors in play?)
• Coverage of war—making it feel real. Does that encourage the viewer to think she “gets it”? And are there potential concerns with that response?
• Aesthetics versus content of image
• The authenticity (or not) of one image versus the portrayal of “a larger truth”
• What makes an image powerful?

  • These concerns we listed, as a class, on the date we discussed war and work by Meiselas:

War Meiselas

  • various, sometimes competing roles of media: helping to start war(foment nationalist ideologies), continuing war/perpetrating war (photos as tools of violence?), stopping war (alerting public, compelling intervention), holding assailants accountable (photos in a juridical capacity)
  • ethical duties to the subjects of photos
  • photography as “universal language”
  • photos as visual sound bites
  • Is narrative required to make us understand (to play off first Sontag and later Reiff)?
  • photos of violence vs. violence done to photos (i.e. violence in effigy)
  • breaks with visual convention, e.g. Parr’s fashion photography
  • the everyday versus the glamorous vis a vis fashion photography–one style visually admits to being posed, the other doesn’t. Does one form convey “the real” more than the other?
  • modern versus postmodern worldviews
  • “The curse of history” (per Peress): damned if you do document and damned if you don’t
  • The photograph is the “moment where my language finishes and yours starts.”
  • New Photojournalism of the late 1970s—transparency, subjectivity, expressionism, prioritization of the personal perspective
  • the success or failure of making meaning, through pictures, of the reality that surrounds
  • What constitutes “evidence”? What purpose/s should evidence serve?
  • how images produce political meaning/constructing a narrative without any text (a la My America by Morris)
  • the rhetorical power of images
  • visual metaphors, eye contact, camera angle, associational juxtaposition; mirroring v. oppositional positioning
  • the business/economics of covering crisis (which crises “win out” over others and why)
  • spectacle and famine
  • NGOs and photography/”advocacy journalism”
  • “as if” images (per Zelizer)
  • Stereotypes/clichés/tropes
  • Metonymic structures
  • “the civil contract of photography”
  • the absent image (per Azoulay and Campbell)
  • relating the local situation to the larger political/social/global forces
  • colonial histories as shaping patterns of viewing
  • affect v criticality
  • Sympathy,  empathy, anger – which is the best motivator in response to images of injustice?
  • Pitching to policy makers versus concerted effort to educate wide public
  • Role of social media in effecting change
  • The economics that undergird conflicts/crises
  • When research is crucial to photographer’s work