Tag: balkan conflict

Haviv Interpretations

Ron Haviv’s Blood and Honey reached international recognition as the collection of images that were the  eyes into the Balkan conflicts. His coverage of the events were unrivaled by any other photojournalists of the area at the time. Over the years, Haviv’s work in the Balkans has remained part of photojournalistic discourse, especially when the conversation is geared towards aesthetics in photojournalism as well as the legacy and impact of the conflict and the images produced from them.

When searching the internet for conversations regarding Haviv’s work, it usually contains his most famous images from Blood and Honey, namely Arkan’s portrait, the Tiger paramilitary soldier kicking a dead Muslim woman, and the prisoners of the Bosnian concentration camps. A notable website was http://www.balkaninsight.com/ which contained an article about members of Arkan’s “Tigers” that escaped justice by concealing their identities after Arkan’s indictment. In speaking about the war crimes committed by the Tigers, many of the Blood and Honey images were present, a brief portion of the article spoke about how Haviv was invited by Arkan to photograph him and his troops. I found many websites that contained Haviv’s images as ancillary to the topics of the article, another example was on http://www.crimesofwar.org/a-z-guide/paramilitaries/ that used Haviv’s image of the Tiger paramilitary kicking a dead Muslim woman as evidence in a historical layout of paramilitary groups. My overall impression of seeing Haviv’s images online is that there are only so few outlets that talk about the images themselves, such as Vice where Haviv has an informative interview about his work in former Yugoslavia (http://www.vice.com/read/photos-of-the-bosnia-war). An interesting quote from the interview was when Haviv was asked about the current situation in the reigion, stating “I had hope that the country would be moving forward at a faster pace. I find that the current situation is an insult to all those affected by the war.” Many sites are using Haviv’s images as proof and practical display to explaining the conflict and the atrocities committed during it, the legacy and use of his images are most times in efforts to further educate about the conflicts themselves and express a desire to resolve them.

In further studying the legacy of Haviv’s image and those from Blood and Honey, I would especially value the input of those involved in the conflict firsthand. I would want to see how the images affected the civilian population besides helping indict Arkan for war crimes, as I’d imagine their experience in seeing the images would be more personal and specifically relevant to the conflict rather than those who see it from a distance (speaking to the UN Security officers who prosecuted Arkan with the photographs would also be valuable). I would also want the opinions of historical photography aesthetics experts and researchers to see how Haviv’s images and others involved in the former Yugoslavian conflict pair up with coverages of other wars and what context the images serve in terms of shaping the public’s perception of it.

Sources:

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/capturing-a-war-crime/article25016202/

https://www.hrw.org/reports/2000/bosnia/Bosn005-03.htm

http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/arkan-s-paramilitaries-tigers-who-escaped-justice

http://www.crimesofwar.org/a-z-guide/paramilitaries/

http://www.vice.com/read/photos-of-the-bosnia-war)

Close Image Analysis – Ron Haviv

Great photojournalism is honest. Rather than present a biased view of conflict, the most effective images choose to show essential truths that ultimately aspire to inform and promote ways to end the conflict at hand. One photographer who has consistently produced meaningful and wide-reaching work is Ron Haviv, who has photographed over 25 conflicts over the span of his career. One of his most renowned works of photojournalism is his coverage of the Balkan Wars, which produced many images that not only showed the atrocities endured by civilian victims, but also used as evidence to indict paramilitary leaders after the fact. One of the many great images from his work in the Balkan Wars is of a Serbian man attempting to put out a fire in his home in the suburb Grabvica outside Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Haviv’s image contains both strong content and aesthetics that makes it effective. What is physically shown in the frame is rather straightforward: a man is tossing water out of his window at the adjacent room in an attempt to stop a large fire. We see the decrepit windows above and below the subject, which tell us that the building has already been ransacked. The muted beige color of the surrounding windows amplifies the saturated colors of the man, the green bucket, and the burning fire. The bright colors of these subjects in contrast with the scale of the surrounding frame contributes to the dramatic tone of the image. In addition, the shutter speed was rather high when the image was taken, completely freezing the water in midair and making the overall frame more jarring. The caption reveals that Serb arsonists have lit this man’s house on fire to force him out of the city in opposition to the Muslim led Bosnian government. Overall, the image tells us exactly who is being affected by the conflict at hand: innocent civilians.

The simplicity of the content of Haviv’s image lends itself to interpretation. One apparent theme within the photograph is futility, not just of the man’s action, but in relation to the Balkan conflict. The focus on a single subject and action within the frame suggests a call to consider the imagery’s symbolism in context of the Balkan Wars. The opposition to the powerful paramilitary groups within the former Yugoslavian region by the UN was entirely outnumbered and unsuccessful, attempting to stop the violence and terrorism might as well be akin to tossing a small bucket of water at a raging fire.

Interpretations of images and the like thereof are an integral part of photojournalism and the effect of images on the overall perception of a conflict. In her book Shooting War, Susan Moeller speaks to this phenomenon, stating that images of conflict “foster certain physical and emotional stereotypes about each war” and subsequently create a “unique history of each conflict.” This was especially apparent in the Balkan Wars, where many powerful and influential images were sometimes taken out of context and used maliciously. Haviv’s famous image of a Serbian paramilitary member of the “Tigers” kicking a dying Muslim woman with a cigarette in hand is one example. While the image was used by Arkan himself to spread fear, it was eventually used as evidence to indict him. However, Moeller’s point rings true, the images that come from war deeply affect individual perception of the conflict, and this does beg questions of the ramifications for conflict photojournalists and their responsibilities in capturing. Yet, Ron Haviv’s image in discussion seemingly rejects any notion of misinterpretation. The photograph is brutally honest, it presents a desperate situation through striking visuals, and the viewer cannot help but empathize with the man and subsequently bringing into consideration the innocent civilian lives being affected by the conflict (perhaps the largest overarching theme of Haviv’s body of work). Regardless if the man becomes a symbol or not, there is no information within the photograph or overly stylized visuals that distract from the true purpose of the image: to show the truth and affect useful change in whatever way possible.

-Tristan Oliveira

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