Toy Design and Prototyping

Part 01: Game of Humanity

Game of Humanity is a card game that revolves around the concepts of human credibility, psychology, and prediction. For the card game, it utilizes principles of game theory, particularly the public goods game, but twists the conditions in which game theory is enforced where there can be negative contributions rather than positive contribution only. There are 4 types of characters with different win conditions which will define the user’s play experience as they have to take on a particular motive to win. These include winning 5 times in a row, losing 5 times in a row, collecting a certain amount of credit, or using ability to win. In addition, there are ability cards which can alter the state of the game with freeze, time warp, card swap, and nullify. While each character type has independent win conditions, there becomes unity and cooperation in isolating the character type close to winning. This essentially is the utilization of the concept of isolation in my project: unity in isolation. Thus the overall purpose of the game would be to stop others from winning through predicting the cards that they will play and trying to win yourself through deception. The overall play experience would then be competitive as there is mystery behind the identity that players hold and mystery behind the card that they will play. 

Part 02: Project Creative Process
Write 3 to 4 paragraphs narrating the next items:

The project is a card game that twists the concept of the public goods game. Rather than having one independent character type as seen with the exemplar public goods system, I expand with different types of characters that are listed above. The four character types are troll, joker, human, and spirit. Meanwhile, the card game also has ability cards being the freeze, time warp, swap, and nullify ability that were designed to enhance the user experience. This card game is made for teenagers, but can be played by people of age 6+ as they would have the math skills to calculate the credits. The players can also be younger and older than teens as the fundamental principal of this game doesn’t require too much thought and isn’t age specific.

For the play experience, players draw a random character and read their win condition. Players start with three credit cards at the beginning. Whenever a turn begins players will have 2 minutes to discuss among themselves and time to play ability cards before moving on to the playing of a number card to the public pool. Players play one credit card each turn and put one credit card in their savings which cannot be removed from their bank. Afterwards, they will refill their hand until one character’s win condition is met. The play experience from this is essentially that there is a continuous process of adding and subtracting from the banks of all players which will be fundamental for some winning conditions. While keeping track of one’s credits isn’t the most important aspect, players will focus on how to utilize their ability cards and number cards to flip the odds. They may wrongly predict or wrongly use cards and that will affect their odds to win the game. The playing experience will develop patience and cautiousness. The playing experience will also leave players isolated at a point where they will have to independently struggle for victory against the majority. This will develop a sense of teamwork and isolation that occurs between all parties at different times. 

My idea of isolation is that it is the state of being targeted as a segregation object by other players. It’s the sensation that you are the only one that you have on your own side. That is why I designed win conditions to be significantly different from one another. While some relations between characters last e.g. humans victory will help the troll get their gold accumulated, there is always an instance when characters are isolated where the troll will turn on humans in order to prevent human victory. In this sense, isolation becomes something that controls the relationships between people as isolation isn’t permanent but temporary. This still allows for community, but within the community there is always isolation that occurs which is the concept I wanted to express. I used research from “I’m the Boss” which is a board game I first researched for this concept of isolation. While all players are equal in their independent standards, the perceived victors are always isolated, but may become partners later in the game. Likewise, this incorporates that principle. Furthermore, there is the character type concept to create that group mentality and in-group mentality of psychology. This was from my three kingdoms board game research which has character types of different kingdoms that are teams with one another. Due to the randomness of this, a lot of people would have to decipher the identity of others based on their speech. 

For the final project, I learned a lot regarding board game making and the design process. For example, the learning of making the rules accessible and easy to understand was crucial to my piece. In addition, trying to make the work cohesive through design was also very enjoyable but tiring. I personally enjoy the minimalist style using pen tools to create curvatures that imply a person or icon which is what I tried to do for the whole thing. Of course this was all normal, but I also had to modify my design and make sure that the focus of my card was in the safe zone when cards were cut. This would be informative for myself to learn as it helps me develop my design further for other components of the design process. Lastly, I think that the design of the box was pretty nice. It was made to be a card holder and a record box all in one. I felt that this worked particularly well, but the pieces should be different colors as mentioned during the critique to allow for easier observation. If I had more time, I think that I would have liked to experiment with designing the box for the cards to also have a compartment for the game pieces. This way, it won’t affect the overall placement of pieces. 

Part 03: Documentation

poster link

instructions link

For my progress on project 4, I already have the fundamental outline of the board game completed with all the rules and relations between the characters. I sketched out how I think the cards should look like in which I will design them on Illustrator later to be printed by a vender.

Furthermore, I also have had people play the prototype of the boardgame to provide feedback on game balance. From having 4 people play the game, I had an understanding of what could be added as well as how conditions should be altered to meet how the game should function. 

As for the entire concept, the drafted concept will be provided below where the structure of writing may not be too formal. 

CHARACTER: Plutus the Troll

Win Condition: Collect X credits and there have not been three failed attempts in a row during the game. If there have been three failed attempts in a row, the credit score required to win is doubled. If the overall credit is lower than X credits after the Joker uses their ability, Plutus loses.

CHARACTER: Onryo the Spirit

Win Condition: Five failed attempts in a row and the final bank credit doesn’t exceed Y credits. If the overall credit exceeds Y credits, the spirit loses.

CHARACTER: Human *5

Win Condition: Five successful attempts in a row and no human has negative credits in balance

CHARACTER: Loki the Joker 

Win Condition: Order of Pass-Fail-Pass-Fail-Pass-Fail or successfully causing other players to fail their win condition with ability.

Ability: Use bank credit divided by Z which can be added or subtracted from their bank credit balance.

Types of cards:

Character cards (The character that people play as): Above

Credit cards (The numbers on the card that ranges from -5 to 5)

Ability cards (One time use):

See the cards of another player (3 each)

No effect card – the turn doesn’t count (1-2 each)

Invert Number Card – positive becomes negative, negative becomes positive.

Intended number of players (5-8)

Game operations:

Players draw a random character and read their win condition.

Player starts with three credit cards at the beginning. 

Whenever a turn begins players will have 2 minutes to discuss among themselves on anything before moving on to the placement of a card.

After this discussion period, there will be a 10 second period to play ability cards.

They play one credit card each turn and put one credit card in their savings which cannot be removed from their bank.

If the total number equals or exceeds NoP – 1 * 3, the round passes and the pot’s money will be multiplied by 2 and divided among all players. If the total number is lower, the round fails and no money is distributed. 

Afterwards, the players each take 2 cards from the deck and continue this process until a player wins according to their win condition.

Player-win relation and relationship between players

When there are less players, the pot is lower so the income per round is lower meaning that it’s harder for  Plutus to win. Lower numbers of players also mean that the total number to pass is lower, but the number of players wishing for this to pass would always have someone opposing. 

Higher number for the game means that the pot is higher allowing for the Plutus to have a higher chance of winning, but humans will also have higher/equal odds due to higher fraction of “good players”.

The Onryo always has a chance to win as the total number to succeed is always somewhat difficult to get, especially since there are negative number cards as well. Since the average has to be three, the humans have to sacrifice negative cards in their savings in order to make positive pots to succeed. Since they have to balance out the negative and the positive so that they don’t lose in the end, they may sometimes not win. In addition, since the Plutus has to support the humans at times if it reaches failures, there is balance in the game as they cannot hog everything. 

Loki the Joker has the most difficult task of it all as they have to make a perfect sequence in order to win. It is balanced out by giving them a chance at the end to win by adding or subtracting credits from other people’s savings. 

TIMELINE:

4/27 Finalize Idea for the Boardgame	Completed
5/3 Finalize Game Mechanics and Trial Game Balance	Completed
5/7 Create all illustration on files and send to print	To be done
5/10 Have all parts completed including game board and tokens.	To be done
5/11 Create a package for the game.	To be done.
5/12 Present and document.	To be done.
5/12 onwards – Play the game and improve it.	To be done.

For developing my own character, I remade a character rather than use the “clown model” that I developed before. This would be an octopus that has some similarity in design in terms of the eyes being “x” and the overall creepy vibe. I rendered it to have lavender surface which is more mysterious to capture the vibe of this character.

As of Wednesday 1:00 AM, the model has not been fully printed yet so I have not posted it on this blog. 

Update: it has been printed, but the head fell off due to printer malfunction. I do like the aesthetic so I’m happy with this result.

PROJECT 4: 

For Project 4, I plan on creating a board game revolving around communication interaction between the players to create the playing experience. As the central theme for the final project is isolation, I wish to create a game that will be for preventing isolation and allow for socialization. This is due to my belief that boardgames shouldn’t separate people, but they should improve relations between people. 

“I’m the Boss!” is a board game that is one inspiration for my board game as it is a model game that revolves around negotiation between all players where all of them can participate in the game all the time. They have interactions of communication in which players can select other players to cooperate with in terms of money. This informs my project to be one that allows for cooperation to dissolve isolation between people. Link: https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/115/im-boss

“Three Kingdoms” is another board game that is an inspiration for my board game as it is a model of having different characters with different attributes, allowing for variating gameplay and more options of gameplay. This type of game has people in unknown teams where they have to cooperate in order to win for themselves or their team. This informs my project to possibly include more types of characters. Link: https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/140065/san-guo-sha-complete-edition

The intended user would be NYUSH university students where I wish to create a board game that can be played in the community and allow for new friendships to spawn.  Rather than to isolate someone, I want to bring everyone out of isolation, to meet new people, and interact with their peers. The experience of playing would then to be to interact. Of course, some people may be more introvert such as myself, but I wish to make the playing experience exciting and enjoyable for them too by making the connections and conversations between people more organic during gameplay.

For the digital techniques, I plan on doing 3d modeling and illustration to create the game pieces which may include cards, or game boards. As for analog techniques, I may be looking into creating the color of the characters (if they are 3d printed) with paint, as well as creating the packaging for the work. I will also look into creating the game with my hand through constructing it myself rather than utilizing a vendor.

Project Name: Hanging

Project Idea: For this project, I wanted to create the story based upon my character to be in the future of his life rather than in the present. This is due to the backstory of the character that I mentioned before which was that he was abandoned by his parents and all he can do is smile. To portray him in later life, I imagined that he would eventually create criminal activity in the future and be caught due to the instability provoked by his childhood. From this I imagined him to be dangerous in the future where having him imprisoned normally could cause harm, thus he is hung backwards and the only way he can escape is to grind out the chains by swinging. 

 

From this video, my product can be seen to be a cam 2 mechanical device with a twist in the sense of staticity for the top layer. This was due to two factors. One factor was the unprecedented thickness of the material clashing on the wood and the second factor was that it kind of added more to the story when it was movable as it also provided me additional props for the story itself. 

Reflecting on my project as a whole, I wanted to first say that it was a poorly executed project in terms of craftsmanship and aesthetics as it is just plywood without any decorative aspects. This makes it less aesthetically pleasing to the viewer and degrades any possible attraction towards it. Furthermore, after seeing what everyone else did, I believe that my overall effort was low as they applied more time and passion to their projects. Having seen how my seniors completed their project, I was actually very inspired to work more passionately on future assignments and future projects in the studio environment as they seemed very competent in their work attitude which would also cause me to work harder. I think that some reasons for my lack of time is that I haven’t really understood the time commitments required by more specialized IMA courses as I’m only a freshman in their second semester of NYUSH that took 2 foundation IMA courses in the first semester. Due to not having a clear idea regarding the workload and effort needed, my choice of 3 IMA courses had workload all grouped together to create enormous pressure on me when I have not learned how to manage my time for such courses yet. 

I learned a lot regarding the construction of mechanical parts from pictures to AI as well as learned a lot in terms of time effort and commitment that should be paid to these projects. If I were to discuss what worked in this project, I would honestly have to say nothing as the mechanics don’t function properly as a Cam 2 nor does the aesthetics meet a standard that I would claim to be acceptable. Due to this, I don’t think it would be proper to mention that the project had anything that worked as it would be tricking myself. As mentioned before, my mechanics didn’t function properly to the fullest extent and the craftsmanship was overall weak. If I had more time or at least if I was more prepared, I would want to first adjust the Cam 2 mechanism to fully function as well as make the box more themed to my story by creating jail cell patterns on the box through laser cutting. Furthermore, I feel as if the threads that were attached to my character weren’t clear so I would want to experiment with utilizing metal wires to create the sensation of chains. Last but not least, I feel that I would also want to 3D model a clearer version of my character by putting in the time and effort that this project deserves. 

All in all, I would honestly say that this was a weak effort for such an important project. This , however, will not be the effort that I show for my final project as I plan and have already started to be more determined to put in effort everyday so that all my projects can reach an optimal level. Yes, this time was bad, but I do not plan on creating this “mistake” again but rather would want to improve and commit myself to the workload and make sure that quality work is submitted every time from now on. 

^The image above shows the process of sanding the box.

^The image above shows the final project.

For Assignment 8 of Toy Design and Prototyping, the task was to assemble a mask from using downloaded 3D models that would be manipulated. I first started working with a dragon prototype which was very complex in the design as it had many surfaces. It would appear to be a little too difficult for the time that was provided to complete this time as putting it together would take a bit of time. Therefore, I then switched my model to be something more generic and simple, being a monkey.

While the creation process wasn’t too difficult, there was difficulty that was caused due to overlaying some planes which resulted in slicer to perceive this as a full layer, rather than simply being a mask. 

Despite having initial difficulty, this plan was still exported in which the plans looked something like this after editing the file to be laser cut. 

After cutting it once, I unfortunately lost a couple pieces as well as had slicer crash without having the saved model, thus I recut the model and tried to save the slicer file, but it kept crashing when I tried to save it. Luckily, I was able to create the same configuration through specifying numbers. This new file can be seen below and the project as well.

 

 

All in all, I felt that this process was great in terms of learning as I had kind of mastered the process of transferring files from slicer to AI to be laser cut, but it was also frustrating as I didn’t know what was wrong with my model at times or because slicer crashes every time I try to save. 

For week 9, the project was to develop my own character and also recreate the duck character of the animator. When I was using Cinema4d for the first time, it felt foreign as a lot of the meshing, extruding, and pulling felt like sculpting rather than actual geometric 3d modeling. Hence, because of this, I was only able to create the animator’s character of a duck because there was a tutorial to make it more organic, while my own character lacked details due to difficulty of using the program which I plan on refining before next week’s assignment of assembling a 3d object. 

Essentially, this week I learned the following from developing my character: Details of a character take time, without rendering, my outcome is difficult to show, as my character is more segmented, I would have to also learn how to create patching textures within my character.

For Week 8 of Toy Design, the task was to design our own character. I designed a jester-like character where the descriptions will be attached in illustrated poster. For my character the name is Unknown and the Last name is a space to indicate that there’s no last name or family for this individual. I started out with a graphite drawing, thinking about how the character should look like before moving into illustrator to complete the other part of the task which includes the turnarounds, description, collection, and questions. As I’m bad at sketching due to little practice, I didn’t draw graphite turnarounds, but rather focused on illustrative turnarounds. I think that overall, my character is sophisticated in color and division of parts which makes it difficult to draw as well as imagine the turnaround. Because of that, I planned on buying air dry clay to create the prototype of this character so that I can illustrate it well, but there are delivery delays which prohibit this from occurring. Below is the story.

Unknown was abandoned early on in childhood by parents and tied to a stop sign for people to hopefully adopt them, however, days passed and no one wanted Unknown. Having been neglected by their family, and now by society, Unknown becomes emotionless, losing any hope in humanity that they previously had. All they do is wander around, smiling… but do they really want to smile? What does it mean to smile? Unknown doesn’t know, but it is all they can do in life. They go on.. smiling, smiling, and smiling… when will they cease to smile?

Here is the photo of the first draft of the graphite sketch. 

Here is a photo of the scene from the story, illustrating the disownment of Unknown at the stop sign in the country of Pellegrino. For the kinetic element, I plan on using Cam 2 to move the hands of Unknown to show the crying motion so that the introduction scene can be portrayed. Later, I will use the gear A to make him continue walking everywhere smiling. At the end, I will use Cam 2 again to show him crying and ceasing to smile.

Here is the Illustrator Version of the design, showing the collection, turnaround, and information of character. The multicolored “Unknown” represents the collector’s edition that’s limited in quantity which gives ode to Popmart’s Special edition of it’s collector toys. The other colors are normal editions.

Reflection

My project is called “Mini Mi(e)a” which is for my friend Mia Xue, NYUSH 24′. The soft toy made was a cat wearing a tiger suit where the idea was from an interview question I asked her. The question was to have her send a song that represents her as a person where she sent “Me and the Sky” which talked about reaching for one’s ambitious goals and accomplishing them. I felt that this song showed her character as someone that had a dream to be something greater and stronger, hence I thought of the concept of cat wanting to be a tiger. I did ask about her playing experience with toys where she likes to hug them, but I was wary of the material I was using, observations I made, and critically thinking the necessity of creating large soft toys. For the material, felt can’t be made to be large without utilizing stuffing. Due to this, I lowered the size for play. I also thought that since she already had a soft toy that she hugs when sleeping, there would be no purpose creating another one thus this led to my final observation regarding her usage of keychains on her backpack. The design of the play would then be a decorative object for her backpack which she uses everyday to remind her of the ambitions she has to carry on and work hard. 

 

As for my inspirations for my thoughts regarding play, I felt that toys as culture was super important as it expanded my views on what play is as well as the restrictions of play. Rather than understanding it in the 21st century state of mind, I was opened to learning about past forms of play to understand that play wasn’t restricted to having no purpose, enjoyment, or no pain. It was more primitive and organic and could include the following. While this wasn’t much of an influence on play, I felt that this made play something that was more based on the daily actions of individuals and the interaction with objects. For one, it influenced me to create something more stationary, being a soft toy on a keychain which was more decorational. As for inspirations for toys, I felt that Cas Holman provided good inspiration in the sense that her toys were unique and unlike anything that looks commercial. She promoted organic play and learning within play which wasn’t my motive, but I believe that her concept is great for toys as a whole. If I were to make my toy in Cas Holman’s style, I think that I may create my soft toy to be something that has individual components that can be attached to create different objects. Cas Holman revolves her design process around flexibility of components for the user to create. If my toy were to be recreated, I think that she may include parts such as the eyes, limbs, etc. that could be attached in a lot of different manners like Mr. Potatohead. I also felt that the animator documentary was very important as inspiration for my project. It provided me with a basis for developing my project which included the personal expression of the animator as well as his thoughts regarding how perspective could be utilized to create works. This would inform me on creating my cat as I imagined what could be used to represent the individual I created. 

As a reflection of my project, I felt that I learned the difficulty of making felt soft toys as they take a long time for a small out come. Of course, learning that part of toy-making means that I also learned the process of using felt to create my toy which was very strenuous. I remember that I spent 3days building the design the whole time, adding details and making sure that everything was done correctly, but still made mistakes. I felt that I made the fur component of the tiger very well, along with the proportions of the head to body, but the face of the cat was rather weak due to myself inverting the steps of adding the eyes and adding the layer of the tiger fur. Because of that the face would appear flat rather than having more volume. Moreover, I think that the face was super hard due to the detail that should be put in it. Felt is extremely difficult to use to put detail. I think that it is because of the material quality being that it attaches itself to surroundings that makes details difficult as it is somewhat unpredictable and the needles used are a larger radius than the details. Thus I think that if I had the time, I would try to redo the head of the cat to make the face more spherical so that it’s more eye appealing. Moreover, I think that I may also work on a super small doll of the individual that I made the doll for to be in the hand of the cat as I think that it could represent that there is always someone in support of her. 

Citations

Sutton-Smith, Brian. Toys as Culture. Gardner Press, 1986.

Documentation

For week 5 of toy design and prototyping, the focus was on creating a soft circuit by using entirely soft objects with electrical components. I used electrical thread to connect the circuit from the battery to the led where a push design was created where pushing a cloth against another cloth with electrical wires would finish the connection and make the electricity flow to light the LED. There was difficulty with the sewing of the stitches as the string was hard to tie as well as difficulty with making knots. This is due to the hardness of the electrical strings. While difficult, it was still able to be accomplished with the assistance of Professor Godoy who provided guidance on how the circuit should be created for it to function properly. Below a photo and video will be provided.

 

 

 

For Project 2, a fundamental component of our task is to understand the recipient of the soft toy. For this, I contemplated on the user as I wanted to challenge myself, but I didn’t know in what way. I had ideas of interviewing Professor Marcela, my very close high school friend, or a newly known friend that I wasn’t too close with. I felt that directly making a toy for Professor Marcela would be too difficult as I haven’t been accustomed to the tools in the fabrication lab that would be used for this project. Because of that, I shifted my focus to the friends. One was one that I knew very well already and another was one that I didn’t know that well. I ended up choosing the latter as I felt that it would be more challenging to create it for someone that I don’t know too well and that it was a good idea to get to know them better. 

For the user, I chose Mia Xue, a NYUSH 24′ student, where I interviewed her through WeChat for days to receive valuable information for my ideation. As the language of communication was Chinese, I will provide a translated transcript of the conversation. It is as follows.

What’s your dream?

What kind of question is that… To be happy everyday.

What makes you happy?

I’m happy when my wishes come true.

What wishes do you have that you can make it come true with money?

I love shows and would love to go to broadway and eat my favorite food.

What’s your favorite show?

Hamilton.

What do you think about having a stuffed animal that represents your favorite character in Hamilton?

I think it’s alright as long as it’s not ugly.

If the world is only black and white, what do you think your experience of life will be like?

My first instinct is that clothes would be so easy to sort, life would be more boring as there will be less choices, and there will be more attention to people’s characteristics such as voice rather than visual focus. 

What’s your thoughts on food based soft toys? Would they make you hungry or happy?

I think that rather than food soft toys, I’d prefer animal based soft toys as food soft toys would only be a soft toy, but animal soft toys can be human like, real, and cute. 

What’s your favorite animal?

Cats!

What do you think about clowns?

They are creepy, but also quite cool. Please don’t make this. 

Have you ever had creepy toys?

Nope. Nope. Nope. No.

What functions do you think that a soft toy should have?

Not much, as long as it’s cute and hopefully has a surprise.

What’s the difference between humans and soft toys?

Communication, independent thought, and unpredictability. 

What’s your favorite color?

Ahhh. The hardest question ever… I’d say forest green or wine red. 

Do you watch anime?

Not really. 

What’s your favorite movie?

Marvels but I also like Dead Poets Society (an old movie). 

How do you define cute?

Rather round without any sharp features. It looks protective.

If I made a mini you as a doll, would you want it?

YESS! 

How would you describe yourself then?

Brown hair with bangs, single eyelid, round face, outgoing but only to familiar people, apathetic towards strangers, very good at expressing my own opinion rather than listening, likes lying down, eating, operas, dancing, and photography. 

What’s your favorite food?

Hotpot, icecream, milk tea. 

How would you describe yourself with a song?

Me and the Sky by Jenn Coleila, a song regarding independency and making one’s mark on the world. 

Favorite ice cream flavor?

Chocolate.

How would you describe your perfect day?

Sleep until I want to wake up, go out with the person I like to places we’ve never been before.. eating the local food, taking pictures to recall our memories. 

If you could be an animal, what would you be and why?

Dolphin because it’s the second smartest animal. 

What do you think about proportions in soft toys? Do they have to be realistic or cute/small?

I think rather realistic. 

How big do you prefer your soft toys to be?

Big enough to hug it.

How much feeling do you think it should have percentage wise?

80%

What do you think is your greatest strength?

Solving other’s issues. 

What’s your clothing style?

Simple, cool. If I were to have a representative clothing style it would be boots, black cargo pants and a single color top.

If I make the soft toy to be like you, do you want glasses on it?

Yes.

What’s your favorite soft toy?

A stuffed dog I bought from IKEA because it’s super soft and huggable. 

 

IDEA 1

From the interview, I understood that she likes cats because they are cute and soft. My idea is to create a white cat that wears her style of clothing being the boots, cargo pants, and top. For the cat, I would want to use a soft texture to mimic the realistic nature of a cat. I may also make it hold ice cream to some extent as I think that it would be more personal to represent it in that manner. 

IDEA 2

Mini-Mia. My idea is to make a soft toy that resembles her as she seemed very excited about something representing herself. For this design, I plan on making it the size of an upper body as that is more “huggable” provided that she likes hugging stuffed animals at night. This would accommodate her habits which is the goal of toy design. Moreover, I think that in making it look like her, it would be very easy to convey the idea that it’s a mini her. While I would like to add small ornaments such as a small icecream cone or a broadway show plush in the mini-mia’s hand, I’m afraid that my skills would not allow for that. If I could make it, I would want to make it have many characteristics that I interviewed about her. 

IDEA 3

My last idea is to make a dolphin with a horn that’s shaped like an ice-cream cone. Being rather soft and crescent like, I think that this design is fun to hug and wrap yourself around as it accommodates to the angle of a person. Moreover, as she’s shown respect for wanting to be a dolphin, I may also make it unique to her tastes such as making it green and red rather than the standard blue gray.