Particle trajectories of silica gel along the pile shaft during penetration:
Lagrangian trajectories of soil elements for 3D of penetration into loose Ottawa sand, at a depth of 1D:
 (a) unconfined |
 (b) confined |
Particle trajectories for 0.5D of penetration into loose silica gel, at a depth of 2D (a) unconfined, (b) unconfined close up ,(c) confined and (d) confined close up:
Non‐affine particle motion of a search radius of 15 particles, at a depth of 2D (a)&(b) an increment of approx.2mm penetration, and (c)&(d) cumulative penetration of 0.5D penetration into confined loose silica gel:
Element Rotation map during pile penetration:
Shear strain map during pile penetration:
Volumetric strain map during pile penetration:
Non-affine analysis of silica gel for pile penetration problem:
