Monthly Archives: September 2020

Notes on Micheaux films and readings

September 23, 2020, Film History / Historiography, week 3. 

 

Sept 23 Silent film histories from Edison to Micheaux to Flaherty
Guest speaker: Charles Musser 

Read: Allyson Nadia Field, “Introduction,” Uplift Cinema: The Emergence of African American Film and the Possibility of Black Modernity (Duke U Press, 2015), 1-31 (especially “A Manifesto for Looking at Lost Film,” 23-31).

Jacqueline Najuma Stewart, “‘We Were Never Immigrants’: Oscar Micheaux and the Reconstruction of Black American Identity,” in Migrating to the Movies: Cinema and Black Urban Modernity (U of California Press, 2005), 219-44.

Pearl Bowser and Louise Spence, “Oscar Micheaux’s The Symbol of the Unconquered: Text and Context,” in Oscar Micheaux and His Circle: African-American Filmmaking and Race Cinema of the Silent Era, ed. Pearl Bowser, Jane Gaines, and Charles Musser (Indiana U Press, 2001), 81-96.

Charles Musser, “To Redream the Dreams of White Playwrights: Reappropriation and Resistance in Oscar Micheaux’s Body and Soul ,” in Oscar Micheaux and His Circle, 97-131 (especially 97-101 and 119-31).

Paul Moore, “A ‘Distant Reading’ of the ‘Chaser Theory’: Local Views and the Digital Generation of New Cinema History.” In Technology and Film Scholarship. Experience, Study, Theory, ed. Santiago Hidalgo (Amsterdam U Press, 2018), 169-84, doi: 10.5117/9789089647542/ch07

Charles Musser, “Problems in Historiography: The Documentary Tradition Before Nanook of the North,” in The Documentary Film Book, ed. Brian Winston (BFI, 2013), 119-28.

 

Watch:  Two by Oscar Micheaux:

Within Our Gates (1919) 74 min. Music by Paul D. Miller, aka DJ Spooky.   
The Symbol of the Unconquered: A Story of the Ku Klux Klan (1920) 60 min. Music by Max Roach. 

Recommended viewing:
Body and Soul (1925) with Paul Robeson. Music by Paul D. Miller, aka DJ Spooky. 93 min. Clip, 55:30 to 59:00: Isabelle tells her mother the truth about Rev. Jenkins.

Bonus: The Films of Oscar Micheaux (Bret Wood, 2016) with Musser. 8 min.
Bonus: Pioneers of African-American Cinema: An Introduction (Bret Wood, 2016) with Stewart and Musser. 7 min.

Bonus fun one: The Symbol of the Unconquered Abridged (2020) 5 min. (Also embedded above.)

Bonus fun too: Accidental glitch art video, MP4 file from that time I digitized a nearly twenty-year-old DVD: The Origins of Film, Disc 1. The African American Cinema I: Oscar Micheaux’s Within Our Gates (1919), Library of Congress Video Collection, New York: Unapix Entertainment, distributed by Image Entertainment, 2000. (The first commercial DVDs were released in 1997.)
 “Divine justice punishes the real killer.”

 

 

Women filmmakers on the National Film Registry [updated 2020]

Unofficially, the National Film Registry’s 775 entries include 63 credited to women filmmakers. (Perhaps there are others I’m overlooking?)

Since last updating this list, a dozen more titles of films by women directors have been added to the National Film Registry. Among the 75 movies put on the list in 2017-19, women were the primary creators of twelve. 

My Name Is Oona (1969) Gunvor Nelson
Wanda (1970) Barbara Loden
I Am Somebody (1970) Madeline Anderson
A New Leaf (1971) Elaine May 
Lives of Performers (1972) Yvonne Rainer
Girlfriends (1978) Claudia Weill
Before Stonewall (1984) Greta Schiller 
Hair Piece: A Film for Nappy Headed People (1984) Ayoka Chenzira
Thelonious Monk: Straight, No Chaser (1988) Charlotte Zwerin 
Eve’s Bayou (1997) Kasi Lemmons
Boys Don’t Cry (1999) Kimberly Peirce 
Real Women Have Curves (2002) Patricia Cardoso

Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden included seven in the most recent annual announcement.


An unofficial list of U.S. National Film Registry entries by women filmmakers (best I can figure).

How to identify films “made by” women is not always obvious. Generally, we think of a director’s credit as the main criterion. The Library of Congress National Film Registry includes entries from a wide variety of categories, some of which do not have “directors” per se. Others have more than one “filmmaker” or director attributed as the main creator. Nearly half of the 51 titles listed here have two or more makers. I have not included films for which women might have been a contributing creative force (as producer, screenwriter, performer, etc.) but not director or lead filmmaker.

With only 51 of the first 700 Registry titles created by women, the percentage remains low. By including nontheatrical films, however, the number is greater than often assumed. Some female co-directors have had their names omitted from attribution in a world where a single auteur is the default presumption. The Academy Award for Frank Film (1973) was given to Frank Mouris but not co-director Caroline Mouris, for example. Some filmmakers have not always been recognized as women because their names were not gender-specific (Marvin Breckinridge, Lee Dick, Ray Eames, Chick Strand).

Most of these movies can be found streaming online, but here I have not included sites requiring paid subscriptions or YouTube versions (which are easy to find but with notoriously ephemeral URLs). The links below are for complete (mostly) versions at authorized or reliable websites.

  1. Matrimony’s Speed Limit (1913) Alice Guy Blaché
  2. Mabel’s Blunder (1914) Mabel Normand
  3. The Curse of Quon Gwon (1916) Marion Wong  stream
  4. Shoes (1916) Lois Weber  (EYE stream; see also Milestone 2017 restoration)
  5. Where Are My Children? (1916) Lois Weber & Phillips Smalley
  6. Unmasked (1917) Grace Cunard & Francis Ford  [not online]
  7. Grass (1925) Merian C. Cooper, Ernest Schoedsack, & Marguerite Harrison
  8. The Forgotten Frontier (1930) Marvin Breckinridge  NLM stream
  9. A Study in Reds (1932) Miriam Bennett  [not online]
  10. Trance and Dance in Bali (1936-39; released 1952) Gregory Bateson & Margaret Mead  stream
  11. Cologne: From the Diary of Ray and Esther (1939) Ray Dowidat & Esther Dowidat  stream
  12. Commandment Keeper Church, Beaufort South Carolina, May 1940 (1940) Zora Neale Hurston & Jane Belo
  13. Dance, Girl, Dance (1940) Dorothy Arzner
  14. Men and Dust (1940) Lee Dick  download
  15. Tarantella (1940) Mary Ellen Bute
  16. Meshes of the Afternoon (1943) Maya Deren & Alexander Hammid
  17. Martha Graham Early Dance Films (1931-1944), includes Lamentation (1943) Simon Moselsio & Herta Moselsio
  18. In the Street (1948) Helen Levitt, James Agee, & Janice Loeb
  19. The Hitch-Hiker (1953) Ida Lupino
  20. Glimpse of the Garden (1957) Marie Menken
  21. Little Fugitive (1953) Ray Ashley, Morris Engel, & Ruth Orkin
  22. The Hole (1962) John Hubley & Faith Hubley
  23. The Cool World (1963) Shirley Clarke
  24. Through Navajo Eyes [Navajo Film Themselves] (1966) Sol Worth, films by Mike Anderson, Al Clah, Susie Benally, Johnny Nelson, Mary Jane Tsosie and Maxine Tsosie, Alta Kahn.  clip

    Susie Benally teaching Alta Kahn.
  25. A Time for Burning (1966) Barbara Connell & Bill Jersey
  26. Portrait of Jason (1967) Shirley Clarke
  27. The Inner World of Aphasia (1968) Edward R. Feil & Naomi Feil
  28. Salesman (1968) Albert Maysles, David Maysles, Charlotte Zwerin
  29. Growing Up Female (1971) Julia Reichert & Jim Klein  download
  30. Frank Film (1973) Caroline Mouris & Frank Mouris
  31. Antonia: Portrait of a Woman (1974) Judy Collins & Jill Godmilow
  32. Eadweard Muybridge, Zoopraxographer (1974) Thom Andersen, Fay Andersen, & Morgan Fisher
  33. The Buffalo Creek Flood (1975) Mimi Pickering
  34. Hester Street (1975) Joan Micklin Silver
  35. Quasi at the Quackadero (1975) Sally Cruikshank   stream by Cruikshank
  36. Harlan County, USA (1976) Barbara Kopple
  37. Powers of Ten (1978) Ray Eames & Charles Eames  stream by Eames Office
  38. The Decline of Western Civilization (1980) Penelope Spheeris
  39. Moon Breath Beat (1980) Lisze Bechtold  stream
  40. The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter (1981) Connie Field
  41. The Atomic Café (1982) Kevin Rafferty, Jayne Loader, & Pierce Rafferty download
  42. Suzanne, Suzanne (1982) Camille Billops & James Hatch
  43. Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982) Amy Heckerling
  44. Fake Fruit Factory (1986) Chick Strand  NFPF stream
  45. Drums of Winter (1988) Sarah Elder & Leonard Kamerling
  46. Paris Is Burning (1990) Jennie Livingston
  47. Samsara: Death and Rebirth in Cambodia (1990) Ellen Bruno
  48. Sink or Swim (1990) Su Friedrich
  49. Daughters of the Dust (1991) Julie Dash
  50. The Red Book (1994) Janie Geiser   stream
  51. Scratch and Crow (1995) Helen Hill
    SCRATCH AND CROW, Helen Hill’s thesis film at CalArts.