List of first human settlements (from Wikipedia)
Linguistics and genetics combine to suggest a new hybrid hypothesis for the origin of the Indo-European languages.
The Southern Dispersal Route refers to a theory that an early group of modern human beings left Africa between 130,000–70,000 years ago. They moved eastward, following the coastlines of Africa, Arabia, and India, arriving in Australia and Melanesia at least as early as 45,000 years ago. It is one of what appears now to have been multiple migration paths that our ancestors took as they left out of Africa.
Akilesh, K., et al. “Early Middle Palaeolithic Culture in India around 385–172 Ka Reframes Out of Africa Models.” Nature, vol. 554, 2018, pp. 97–110.
Luminescence dating at the stratified prehistoric site of Attirampakkam, India, has shown that processes signifying the end of the Acheulian culture and the emergence of a Middle Palaeolithic culture occurred at 385 ± 64 thousand years ago (ka), much earlier than conventionally presumed for South Asia.
New insights into the origin of the Indo-European languages
Published online by the Max Planck Institute
JULY 27, 2023
Original publication
Paul Heggarty, Cormac Anderson, Matthew Scarborough, Benedict King, Remco Bouckaert, Lechosław Jocz, Martin Joachim Kümmel, Thomas Jügel, Britta Irslinger, Roland Pooth, Henrik Liljegren, Richard F. Strand, Geoffrey Haig, Martin Macák, Ronald I. Kim, Erik Anonby, Tijmen Pronk, Oleg Belyaev, Tonya Kim Dewey-Findell, Matthew Boutilier, Cassandra Freiberg, Robert Tegethoff, Matilde Serangeli, Nikos Liosis, Krzysztof Stronski, Kim Schulte, Ganesh Kumar Gupta, Wolfgang Haak, Johannes Krause, Quentin D. Atkinson, Simon J. Greenhill, Denise Kühnert, Russell D. Gray
Language trees with sampled ancestors support a hybrid model for the origin of Indo-European languages
Science, 28 July 2023, DOI: 10.1126/science.abg0818
Colonies — an idea that seems to be prevalent only for/in Greco-Roman settlement mobility before European overseas expansion
The Achaemenid Empire at its greatest territorial extent, under the rule of Darius the Great (522–486 BC) — with Royal Road and Central Places
